{ "schemaVersion": 2, "locale": "en", "direction": "ltr", "translationState": "published", "sourceChecked": "2026-10-13", "editorialStatus": "Source-linked English corpus; explicit qualifications and specialist-review notes retained", "canonicalOrigin": "https://alaqsa.ai", "sources": [ { "id": "unesco-old-city", "title": "Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls", "publisher": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148/", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "custodial-guide", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "A custodial guide written from an Islamic perspective. Page references use printed page numbers. Historical claims are qualified where this guide differs from other references. Its 2015 access descriptions are not current visitor advice." }, { "id": "met-rock", "title": "The Dome of the Rock · Ana Botchkareva", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2012/byzantium-and-islam/blog/where-in-the-world/posts/dome-of-the-rock", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-museum-tile", "title": "Tile from ceramic inscription panel of the Dome of the Rock · Nazmi al-Ju’beh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://ceramics.museumwnf.org/database-item/mwnf3/objects/ISL/pa/Mus01/31/en/", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "madain-qibli", "title": "Al-Aqsa Mosque", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://www.madainproject.com/al_aqsa_mosque", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-qibli", "title": "الجامع الأقصى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "rhc-minbar", "title": "Fifth Hashemite restoration (1994–present)", "publisher": "Royal Hashemite Court", "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/fifth-hashemite-restoration-1994-present", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "commons-portico", "title": "Western portico and Chain Gate photograph", "publisher": "Jorge Láscar / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Section_of_the_fa%C3%A7ade_of_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(10805160274).jpg", "kind": "photograph", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-west-portico", "title": "الرواق الغربي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "madain-chain-dome", "title": "Dome of the Chain", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://www.madainproject.com/dome_of_the_chain", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-chain-dome", "title": "قُبّة السِّلسلة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D9%8F%D8%A8%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%91%D9%90%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "mwnf-qaytbay", "title": "Sabil of Sultan Qaytbay · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B18%3Ben", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "madain-kas", "title": "Al-Kas (The Bowl Fountain)", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/al_kas", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-kas", "title": "سبيل الكأس", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "madain-ascension", "title": "Dome of the Ascension", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_ascension", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-ascension", "title": "قبة المعراج", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "madain-prophet", "title": "Dome of the Prophet", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_prophet", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-prophet", "title": "قبة ومحراب النبي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "tourism-qattanin", "title": "Qattanin Market", "publisher": "Palestinian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities", "url": "https://www.travelpalestine.ps/en/Article/212/Qattanin-Market", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-cotton", "title": "باب القطانين", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "chain-gate-reference", "title": "Chain Gate (Jerusalem)", "publisher": "Wikipedia · cited architectural bibliography", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_Gate_(Jerusalem)", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-chain-gate", "title": "باب السلسة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-tankiziyya", "title": "المدرسة التنكزية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "madain-ghawanima", "title": "Al-Ghawanima Minaret", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/al_ghawanima_minaret", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "yusuf-reference", "title": "Dome of Yusuf", "publisher": "Wikipedia · cited architectural bibliography", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-yusuf", "title": "قبة يوسف", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-0", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-yusuf-agha", "title": "قبة يوسف آغا", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-marwani", "title": "التسوية الجنوبية الشرقية (المصلى المرواني)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-topography", "title": "تضاريس المسجد الأقصى المبارك", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · topography (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/content/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "awqaf-cradle", "title": "قبة مهد عيسى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-ancient-aqsa", "title": "مصلى الاقصى القديم", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-buraq-hall", "title": "مصلى البراق", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-suleiman-dome", "title": "قبة سليمان", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-musa", "title": "قبة موسى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-khidr", "title": "قبة الخضر", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-spirits", "title": "قبة الأرواح", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-khalili", "title": "قبة محمد بيك (الخليلي)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-lovers", "title": "قبة عشاق النبي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-grammar", "title": "القبة النحوية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-asbat-minaret", "title": "مئذنة باب الأسباط اوالمئذنة الصلاحية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-chain-minaret", "title": "مأذنة باب السلسلة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%A3%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret", "title": "مئذنة باب المغاربة او الفخرية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-south", "title": "البائكة الجنوبية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-east", "title": "البائكة الشرقية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-west", "title": "البائكة الغربية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-nw", "title": "البائكة الشمالية الغربية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-ne", "title": "البائكة الشمالية الشرقية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-sw", "title": "البائكة الجنوبية الغربية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-se", "title": "البائكة الجنوبية الشرقية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/node/27", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-north", "title": "البائكة الشمالية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "title": "Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · Discover Islamic Art", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B8%3Ben", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "awqaf-duwaydariyya", "title": "المدرسة الدويدارية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-basitiyya", "title": "المدرسة الباسطية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-aminiyya", "title": "المدرسة الأمينية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-farisiyya", "title": "المدرسة الفارسية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-malikiyya", "title": "المدرسة المَلَكيّة الجوكندريّة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-asardiyya", "title": "المدرسة الأسعردية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-jawiliyya", "title": "المدرسة الجاولية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "mwnf-schools", "title": "Cairo, Damascus and Jerusalem: Centres of Mamluk Intellectual Life", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/exhibitions/isl/the_mamluks/exhibition.php?page=4&theme=4", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "awqaf-manjakiyya", "title": "المدرسة المنجكية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-khatuniyya", "title": "المدرسة الخاتونية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arghuniyya", "title": "المدرسة الأرغونية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-uthmaniyya", "title": "المدرسة العثمانية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-khutaniyya", "title": "المدرسة الختنية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-fakhriyya", "title": "المدرسة او الزاوية الفخرية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-north-portico", "title": "الرواق الشمالي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-rahma", "title": "مصلى باب الرحمة والتوبة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-asbat-gate", "title": "باب الأسباط", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-hitta", "title": "باب حطة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-faisal", "title": "باب شرف الأنبياء", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-ghawanima-gate", "title": "باب الغوانمة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-nazir", "title": "باب الناظر", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%B1", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-iron", "title": "باب الحديد", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-ablution", "title": "باب المطهرة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-maghariba", "title": "باب المغاربة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-double", "title": "الباب المزدوج", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-triple", "title": "الباب الثلاثي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-single", "title": "الباب المفرد", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-funerals", "title": "باب الجنائز", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-qasim", "title": "سبيل قاسم باشا", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-suleiman-sabil", "title": "سبيل سليمان القانوني", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-issa-cistern", "title": "صهريج عروة (صهريج الملك عيسى المعظم)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B5%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-well-ghawanima", "title": "بئر الغوانمة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A9", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-well-asbat", "title": "بئر مئذنة باب الأسباط", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "mwnf-museum", "title": "Islamic Museum, al-Aqsa Mosque / al-Haram al-Sharif", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · museum profile", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/pm_partner.php?id=Mus01%3Bpa&theme=ISL", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "archnet-library", "title": "Al-Aqsa Library and Islamic Museum", "publisher": "Archnet · Jerusalem Revitalization Program project account", "url": "https://www.archnet.org/sites/5799?media_content_id=96241", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "An archival project description, not a statement of current opening or service availability." }, { "id": "mwnf-burhan", "title": "Minbar of Burhan al-Din · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monuments%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B32%3Ben", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "western-wall-foundation", "title": "What is The Western Wall in Jerusalem?", "publisher": "Western Wall Heritage Foundation", "url": "https://thekotel.org/en/wailing-wall-western-wall/", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-buraq", "title": "مَصطَبَةُ البراق (أبو بكر)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-suleiman", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ سبيل سليمان", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-pine", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ الصنوبر", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-tin", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ الطين", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-iron", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ الحديد", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "ar", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "oic-al-quds-affairs", "title": "Palestine and Al-Quds Affairs", "publisher": "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation", "url": "https://www.oic-oci.org/en/departments/2", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "Documents institutional use of both Al-Quds and the longer form Al-Quds Al-Sharif." }, { "id": "oic-al-quds-naming", "title": "OIC and League of Arab States Hold Joint Ministerial Meeting on Al-Quds", "publisher": "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation", "url": "https://ww5.oic-oci.org/en/news/8715", "kind": "reference", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-10-13", "note": "Documents contemporary English-language institutional use of Al-Quds, explicitly identified as Jerusalem, on 24 September 2026." }, { "id": "archnet-qibli", "title": "Jamiʿ al-Aqsa", "publisher": "Archnet · Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT", "url": "https://www.archnet.org/sites/2809?media_content_id=4937", "kind": "scholarship", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "Architectural synthesis with a scholarly bibliography; distinguishes initial patronage from later building phases." }, { "id": "akdn-restoration", "title": "Restoration of Al-Aqsa Mosque", "publisher": "Aga Khan Trust for Culture", "url": "https://the.akdn/en/how-we-work/our-agencies/aga-khan-trust-culture/akaa/restoration-al-aqsa-mosque", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "Project record: completion in 1983; award cycle 1984–1986. Its project area is not a surveyed compound boundary." }, { "id": "unesco-aqsa-dossier", "title": "Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre · material submitted by the Permanent Delegation of Jordan", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/document/221350", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "Uses approximately 144 dunums (144,000 m²). This is an institutional heritage dossier, not a new survey commissioned by alaqsa.ai." }, { "id": "unesco-multifaith-names", "title": "Statement on the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls", "publisher": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1568", "kind": "heritage-record", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "Names the same geographical setting as Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram al-Sharif and Har HaBayit / Temple Mount while attributing the terms to their religious contexts." }, { "id": "met-umayyad", "title": "The Art of the Umayyad Period (661–750)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-art-of-the-umayyad-period-661-750", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "met-ayyubid", "title": "The Art of the Ayyubid Period (ca. 1171–1260)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-art-of-the-ayyubid-period-ca-1171-1260", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "met-suleyman", "title": "The Age of Süleyman “the Magnificent” (r. 1520–1566)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-age-of-suleyman-the-magnificent-r-1520-1566", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "met-abd-malik", "title": "Abd al Malik ibn Marwan · Yitzchak Schwartz", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2012/byzantium-and-islam/blog/characters/posts/abd-al-malik", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-aqsa", "title": "Aqsa Mosque · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · Discover Islamic Art", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monuments%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B3%3Ben", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-ascension", "title": "Qubbat al-Suʿud (Dome of Ascension) · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · Discover Islamic Art", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monuments%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B5%3Ben", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-tile", "title": "Ceramic tile from the Dome of the Rock · Nazmi Al-Juʿbeh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · Discover Islamic Art", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMus01%3B32%3Ben", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-minbar", "title": "Pieces from the Nur al-Din Zangi minbar · Nazmi Al-Juʿbeh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · Discover Islamic Art", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMus01%3B16%3Ben", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-panel", "title": "Copper door panel from al-Ashrafiyya", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · Discover Islamic Art", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object%3Bisl%3Bpa%3Bmus01%3B24%3Ben", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-learning", "title": "Cairo, Damascus and Jerusalem: Centres of Mamluk Intellectual Life", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/exhibitions/isl/the_mamluks/exhibition.php?page=4&theme=4", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "mwnf-mamluks", "title": "The Mamluks · Introduction", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/exhibitions/isl/the_mamluks/introduction.php", "kind": "museum", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "quran-isra", "title": "Qur’an 17:1 · The Night Journey", "publisher": "Quran.com · Arabic text and attributed translations", "url": "https://quran.com/17/1", "kind": "scripture", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "Learn paraphrases the relevant meaning; consult the Arabic and named translations at the source." }, { "id": "quran-qibla", "title": "Qur’an 2:144 · Direction of prayer", "publisher": "Quran.com · Arabic text and attributed translations", "url": "https://quran.com/2/144", "kind": "scripture", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "bukhari-qibla", "title": "Sahih al-Bukhari 399 · Prayer toward Bayt al-Maqdis", "publisher": "Sunnah.com · Sahih al-Bukhari", "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:399", "kind": "hadith", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "The report preserves the wording sixteen or seventeen months; it is not a building chronology." }, { "id": "bukhari-medina", "title": "Sahih al-Bukhari 40 · The earlier qibla in Medina", "publisher": "Sunnah.com · Sahih al-Bukhari", "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:40", "kind": "hadith", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "Explicitly places the sixteen-or-seventeen-month period after the Prophet’s arrival in Medina." }, { "id": "bukhari-three", "title": "Sahih al-Bukhari 1189 · The three mosques", "publisher": "Sunnah.com · Sahih al-Bukhari", "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1189", "kind": "hadith", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "bukhari-forty", "title": "Sahih al-Bukhari 3366 · The two mosques and forty years", "publisher": "Sunnah.com · Sahih al-Bukhari", "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3366", "kind": "hadith", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14", "note": "A religious report about sacred origins; it does not name the builders or date surviving structures." }, { "id": "muslim-journey", "title": "Sahih Muslim 162a · Night Journey and Ascension", "publisher": "Sunnah.com · Sahih Muslim", "url": "https://sunnah.com/muslim:162a", "kind": "hadith", "language": "en", "consulted": "2026-09-14" } ], "entities": [ { "id": "aqsa-001", "slug": "dome-of-the-rock", "canonicalName": "Dome of the Rock", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat al-Sakhra", "Qubba al-Sakhrah", "Golden Dome" ], "arabicName": "قبة الصخرة", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The golden dome at the heart of the sanctuary, known for its rich geometric and floral decoration.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Commissioned by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and completed in 691–92, the Dome of the Rock encloses the rock within an octagonal building on the sanctuary’s raised platform.", "sourceIds": [ "met-rock" ] }, { "text": "Its interior mosaics combine plant forms, jewels and inscriptions. Their technique and imagery show connections with Byzantine and Sasanian art. The exterior tiles belong to later restoration history, including Sultan Suleiman’s Ottoman programme.", "sourceIds": [ "met-rock" ] }, { "text": "Muslim tradition associates the rock with the Prophet Muhammad’s Ascension. The religious association and the date of the surviving monument should be understood separately. A tile preserved in the Islamic Museum offers another way to study the building’s later changes.", "sourceIds": [ "met-rock", "mwnf-museum-tile" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "period", "label": "Completion", "value": "691–92 CE, Umayyad", "sourceIds": [ "met-rock" ] }, { "id": "detail", "label": "Look for", "value": "Octagonal plan, mosaics and later exterior tiles", "sourceIds": [ "met-rock" ] }, { "id": "patron", "label": "Patron", "value": "Caliph Abd al-Malik", "sourceIds": [ "met-rock" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "On the raised platform in the sanctuary" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-chain", "platform-arcades", "islamic-museum" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/dome.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 681, "creator": "Askii / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dome_of_the_Rock_Panorama.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Dome_of_the_Rock_Panorama.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of the Rock in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "unesco-old-city", "title": "Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls", "publisher": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148/", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "met-rock", "title": "The Dome of the Rock · Ana Botchkareva", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2012/byzantium-and-islam/blog/where-in-the-world/posts/dome-of-the-rock", "locator": "Foundation, mosaics and later changes", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "mwnf-museum-tile", "title": "Tile from ceramic inscription panel of the Dome of the Rock · Nazmi al-Ju’beh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://ceramics.museumwnf.org/database-item/mwnf3/objects/ISL/pa/Mus01/31/en/", "locator": "Object description and original owner", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "met-rock" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "unesco-old-city", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 52, "y": 35 }, "label": { "x": 53, "y": 42 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-001", "kb-002", "kb-003", "kb-004", "kb-006", "kb-007", "kb-012", "kb-015", "kb-017", "kb-018", "kb-019", "kb-020", "kb-022", "kb-023", "kb-025", "kb-026", "kb-027", "kb-028", "kb-029", "kb-030", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-where-is-al-aqsa", "qa-what-is-inside", "qa-only-one-building", "qa-outside-courtyards", "qa-meaning-al-aqsa", "qa-haram-al-sharif", "qa-qubbat-al-sakhra", "qa-temple-mount-name", "qa-compound-area", "qa-area-difference", "qa-same-level", "qa-measure-map", "qa-rock-part-of-aqsa", "qa-gold-gray-domes", "qa-rock-builder", "qa-rock-octagon", "qa-rock-tiles-original", "qa-rock-quran-building", "qa-portico-meaning", "qa-platform-arches-gates", "qa-mastaba-use", "qa-photo-dates-portico", "qa-tile-mosaic", "qa-inscription-dates", "qa-named-tile-maker", "qa-woodwork-evidence", "qa-umar-present-hall", "qa-before-umayyads", "qa-how-old-al-aqsa", "qa-who-built-al-aqsa", "qa-umayyad-period", "qa-abd-malik-walid", "qa-umayyad-art-influences", "qa-umayyad-label", "qa-earthquakes-rebuilding", "qa-abbasid-caliphs", "qa-fatimid-century", "qa-mamun-inscription", "qa-qibli-crusaders", "qa-saladin-1187", "qa-templum-names", "qa-ayyubid-small-dome", "qa-suleyman-tiles", "qa-1817-tile", "qa-ottoman-qaytbay", "qa-prophet-ottoman", "qa-restoration-award", "qa-qibli-covering", "qa-distinguishable-paint", "qa-removed-tiles", "qa-why-important-muslims", "qa-three-mosques", "qa-blessed-surroundings", "qa-prayer-reward-number", "qa-isra-miraj-difference", "qa-buraq-source", "qa-exact-rock-ascension", "qa-commemorative-domes", "qa-forty-year-report", "qa-tradition-archaeology", "qa-single-founder", "qa-recognize-first", "qa-interiors-guaranteed", "qa-accessible-route", "qa-what-look-arcade", "qa-museum-founded", "qa-museum-holdings", "qa-tile-transfer", "qa-manuscripts-related" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-002", "ev-006", "ev-008", "ev-013", "ev-014", "ev-020" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-002", "slug": "qibli-mosque", "canonicalName": "Al-Qibli Mosque", "alternateNames": [ "Al-Qibly Mosque", "Qibli prayer hall", "Al-Jami al-Aqsa", "Al Aqsa Mosque" ], "arabicName": "الجامع القبلي", "entityType": "prayer-halls", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The covered prayer hall on the southern side of the sanctuary, distinguished by its gray dome.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Qibli is the main covered congregational hall in the southern sanctuary. Its seven aisles are arranged around a wider central aisle that leads towards the mihrab and the gray dome.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qibli" ] }, { "text": "The hall developed through repeated rebuilding after earthquakes and other damage. Its Umayyad origins do not mean that every part of its present structure belongs to the same period. The lower passages of Ancient Al-Aqsa form a separate architectural level beneath it.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qibli" ] }, { "text": "The wooden pulpit beside the mihrab is a modern reconstruction of the historic Nur al-Din minbar destroyed in the 1969 fire. The Royal Hashemite Court records its return to Al-Quds in 2007.", "sourceIds": [ "rhc-minbar" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "type", "label": "Building type", "value": "Covered prayer hall", "sourceIds": [ "madain-qibli" ] }, { "id": "location", "label": "Position", "value": "Southern part of the sanctuary", "sourceIds": [ "madain-qibli" ] }, { "id": "identity", "label": "Also known as", "value": "Al-Jami al-Aqsa", "sourceIds": [ "madain-qibli" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Southern courtyard level, above Ancient Al-Aqsa" }, "features": [ { "id": "nur-al-din-minbar", "name": "Nur al-Din / Saladin’s Minbar", "arabicName": "منبر نور الدين زنكي", "aliases": [ "Minbar of Salah al-Din", "Saladin’s Pulpit" ], "description": "The historic wooden pulpit was destroyed in the 1969 fire. A reconstruction made under the Hashemite restoration programme was returned in 2007; the present installation should not be mistaken for the untouched medieval original.", "sourceIds": [ "rhc-minbar" ] }, { "id": "eastern-chambers", "name": "Eastern prayer chambers and niches", "arabicName": "المصليات والمحاريب الشرقية", "aliases": [ "Umar’s Mosque", "Mosque of the Forty Martyrs", "Mihrab of Zechariah" ], "description": "The eastern side includes spaces known as Umar’s prayer hall, the Forty Martyrs chamber and Zechariah’s mihrab. Awqaf distinguishes these connected spaces from the seven-aisled central hall.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qibli" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "ancient-aqsa", "marwani-prayer-hall", "al-kas-fountain", "islamic-museum" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/qibli.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 648, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_01.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_01.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Al-Qibli Mosque in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "madain-qibli", "title": "Al-Aqsa Mosque", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://www.madainproject.com/al_aqsa_mosque", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-qibli", "title": "الجامع الأقصى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "rhc-minbar", "title": "Fifth Hashemite restoration (1994–present)", "publisher": "Royal Hashemite Court", "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/fifth-hashemite-restoration-1994-present", "locator": "Reconstruction and installation of the minbar", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-qibli" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "madain-qibli", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 52, "y": 81 }, "label": { "x": 53, "y": 88 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-001", "kb-002", "kb-003", "kb-004", "kb-005", "kb-015", "kb-016", "kb-017", "kb-018", "kb-019", "kb-020", "kb-023", "kb-024", "kb-025", "kb-026", "kb-028", "kb-029", "kb-030", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-where-is-al-aqsa", "qa-what-is-inside", "qa-only-one-building", "qa-outside-courtyards", "qa-meaning-al-aqsa", "qa-haram-al-sharif", "qa-qubbat-al-sakhra", "qa-temple-mount-name", "qa-compound-area", "qa-area-difference", "qa-same-level", "qa-measure-map", "qa-rock-part-of-aqsa", "qa-gold-gray-domes", "qa-qibli-builder", "qa-qibli-aisles", "qa-qibli-date-variation", "qa-qibli-original-material", "qa-tile-mosaic", "qa-inscription-dates", "qa-named-tile-maker", "qa-woodwork-evidence", "qa-marwani-location", "qa-ancient-aqsa", "qa-mihrab-minbar", "qa-zechariah-niche-proof", "qa-umar-present-hall", "qa-before-umayyads", "qa-how-old-al-aqsa", "qa-who-built-al-aqsa", "qa-umayyad-period", "qa-abd-malik-walid", "qa-umayyad-art-influences", "qa-umayyad-label", "qa-earthquakes-rebuilding", "qa-abbasid-caliphs", "qa-fatimid-century", "qa-mamun-inscription", "qa-qibli-crusaders", "qa-saladin-1187", "qa-templum-names", "qa-ayyubid-small-dome", "qa-restoration-award", "qa-qibli-covering", "qa-distinguishable-paint", "qa-removed-tiles", "qa-minbar-commission", "qa-minbar-survives", "qa-minbar-material", "qa-minbar-dating-evidence", "qa-why-important-muslims", "qa-three-mosques", "qa-blessed-surroundings", "qa-prayer-reward-number", "qa-first-qibla", "qa-qibla-today", "qa-sixteen-seventeen", "qa-qibla-building-name", "qa-forty-year-report", "qa-tradition-archaeology", "qa-single-founder", "qa-recognize-first", "qa-interiors-guaranteed", "qa-accessible-route", "qa-what-look-arcade", "qa-museum-founded", "qa-museum-holdings", "qa-tile-transfer", "qa-manuscripts-related" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-001", "ev-003", "ev-004", "ev-005", "ev-006", "ev-007", "ev-008", "ev-021", "ev-022", "ev-023" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-003", "slug": "western-portico", "canonicalName": "The Western Portico", "alternateNames": [ "Western corridor", "Western arcade", "Riwaq al-Gharbi" ], "arabicName": "الرواق الغربي", "entityType": "courtyards", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An arcade of stone arches and shaded passageways along the sanctuary’s western edge.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Western Portico extends from Ghawanima Gate in the north to Maghariba Gate in the south. Its repeated stone arches connect the gates and the buildings set into the western edge.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf divides its construction history into three stretches. It records Mamluk work in the Ghawanima–Nazir, Nazir–Chain and Chain–Maghariba sections, followed by Ottoman and later repairs. This long arcade should not be assigned a single construction date.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ] }, { "text": "The adjoining madrasas, gateways and minarets make this edge a useful place to read the relationship between the sanctuary courtyard and the surrounding city. The portico itself is distinct from the freestanding stairway arcades of the raised platform.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "extent", "label": "Extent", "value": "Ghawanima Gate to Maghariba Gate", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ] }, { "id": "history", "label": "Main recorded phases", "value": "Mamluk construction; Ottoman and later repairs", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ] }, { "id": "form", "label": "Form", "value": "Long covered stone arcade", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Along the western interior edge" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "western-madrasas", "chain-gate", "nazir-gate", "northern-portico" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/arcades.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 730, "creator": "Jorge Láscar / Flickr", "sourceUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/jlascar/10805160274/", "originalUrl": "https://live.staticflickr.com/2830/10805160274_5054ffd6cb_o.jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "The Western Portico in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "commons-portico", "title": "Western portico and Chain Gate photograph", "publisher": "Jorge Láscar / Wikimedia Commons", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Section_of_the_fa%C3%A7ade_of_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(10805160274).jpg", "kind": "photograph", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-west-portico", "title": "الرواق الغربي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-west-portico" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "commons-portico", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates.", "The former photograph-only historical placeholder is replaced with the Awqaf construction account." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 39 }, "label": { "x": 17, "y": 33 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-012", "kb-013", "kb-015", "kb-021", "kb-029" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-portico-meaning", "qa-platform-arches-gates", "qa-mastaba-use", "qa-photo-dates-portico", "qa-madrasa-meaning", "qa-schools-position", "qa-waqf-learning", "qa-madrasa-open-classes", "qa-recognize-first", "qa-interiors-guaranteed", "qa-accessible-route", "qa-what-look-arcade" ], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-004", "slug": "dome-of-the-chain", "canonicalName": "Dome of the Chain", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat al-Silsila", "Qubbat as-Silsilah", "Chain Dome" ], "arabicName": "قبة السلسلة", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An open, column-supported dome standing just east of the Dome of the Rock.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Chain stands east of the Dome of the Rock. An outer arrangement of eleven columns surrounds the six-column support of the dome, leaving most of the structure open to the terrace.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-dome" ] }, { "text": "The monument is associated with Umayyad patronage and later restoration. Its southern side contains a mihrab; Ottoman tiles replaced earlier mosaic decoration in the custodial account.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-dome" ] }, { "text": "Several explanations of its original purpose have been proposed, including a model for the Dome of the Rock or a treasury. These remain interpretations, not a securely demonstrated original function. Its name must also be distinguished from Chain Gate on the western boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-dome" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "period", "label": "Origins", "value": "Umayyad period", "sourceIds": [ "madain-chain-dome" ] }, { "id": "form", "label": "Form", "value": "Open, column-supported dome", "sourceIds": [ "madain-chain-dome" ] }, { "id": "position", "label": "Position", "value": "East of the Dome of the Rock", "sourceIds": [ "madain-chain-dome" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Immediately east of the Dome of the Rock" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-rock", "chain-gate", "platform-arcades" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/dome-of-the-chain.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 733, "creator": "Beko / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dome_of_the_Chain_07112018.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Dome_of_the_Chain_07112018.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of the Chain in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "madain-chain-dome", "title": "Dome of the Chain", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://www.madainproject.com/dome_of_the_chain", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-chain-dome", "title": "قُبّة السِّلسلة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D9%8F%D8%A8%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%91%D9%90%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-dome" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "madain-chain-dome", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 62, "y": 35 }, "label": { "x": 74, "y": 42 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-002", "kb-006", "kb-007", "kb-018" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-chain-location", "qa-chain-purpose", "qa-chain-gate-dome", "qa-umayyad-period", "qa-abd-malik-walid", "qa-umayyad-art-influences", "qa-umayyad-label" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-024" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-005", "slug": "sabil-qaytbay", "canonicalName": "Sabil Qaytbay", "alternateNames": [ "Sabil Qaitbay", "Fountain of Qayt Bay", "Sabil Sultan Qaytbay" ], "arabicName": "سبيل قايتباي", "entityType": "water", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A finely decorated Mamluk fountain with a small dome, near the western side of the raised platform.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Qaytbay’s fountain stands northeast of Al-Ashrafiyya. The specialist museum record distinguishes an earlier fountain of Sultan Inal from Qaytbay’s complete renewal in 1482 and an Ottoman renovation in 1882–83.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ] }, { "text": "A high carved stone dome rises above a square base, passing through polygonal stages. Alternating stone courses, corner columns and an inscription band give the compact building much of its visual richness.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ] }, { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers relates its design to Egyptian Mamluk traditions and suggests a connection with the team that built Al-Ashrafiyya. That shared-workshop connection is a scholarly proposal, rather than a surviving signed attribution.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "period", "label": "Period", "value": "Mamluk, with Ottoman renovation", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ] }, { "id": "date", "label": "Qaytbay’s work", "value": "1482 CE", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ] }, { "id": "later-work", "label": "Later renovation", "value": "1882–83 CE", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Western courtyard near Al-Ashrafiyya" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "ashrafiyya-madrasa", "qasim-pasha-sabil", "cisterns-and-pools" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/sabil-qaytbay.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 825, "creator": "Benjamín Núñez González / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fuente_de_Sabil_Qaitbay,_Jerusal%C3%A9n,_2017_02.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Fuente_de_Sabil_Qaitbay%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9n%2C_2017_02.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Sabil Qaytbay in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "mwnf-qaytbay", "title": "Sabil of Sultan Qaytbay · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B18%3Ben", "locator": "Location, patronage, architectural description and dating inscription", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "mwnf-qaytbay", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 29, "y": 51 }, "label": { "x": 34, "y": 55 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-011", "kb-014", "kb-015", "kb-021", "kb-022", "kb-023", "kb-030" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-kas-meaning", "qa-sabil-meaning", "qa-qaytbay-fountain-date", "qa-water-underneath", "qa-ashrafiyya-location", "qa-ashrafiyya-date", "qa-ashrafiyya-upper-storey", "qa-ashrafiyya-panel", "qa-mamluk-learning", "qa-tankiz-market", "qa-qaytbay-two-buildings", "qa-mamluk-monuments-same", "qa-suleyman-tiles", "qa-1817-tile", "qa-ottoman-qaytbay", "qa-prophet-ottoman", "qa-museum-founded", "qa-museum-holdings", "qa-tile-transfer", "qa-manuscripts-related" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-011", "ev-012", "ev-015" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-006", "slug": "al-kas-fountain", "canonicalName": "Al-Kas Fountain", "alternateNames": [ "Al Kaas", "Al-Ka’s", "The Bowl", "The Cup", "Ablution fountain" ], "arabicName": "الكأس", "entityType": "water", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The round ablution fountain between the southern prayer hall and the raised platform.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Kas lies between the southern platform arcade and Al-Qibli. Its name means cup or bowl, an apt description of the raised vessel within its round basin.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-kas" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf distinguishes the marble basin, cup, railings, seats and taps as elements altered at different times. It records the addition of railings in 1922 and later changes to the washing arrangements.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-kas" ] }, { "text": "The fountain’s association is with ablution before prayer. Its form and location make it a clear reference point in the southern courtyard, but an architectural description does not certify the current operation or safety of its water.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-kas" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "name", "label": "Name means", "value": "The cup / the bowl", "sourceIds": [ "madain-kas" ] }, { "id": "purpose", "label": "Purpose", "value": "Ablution fountain", "sourceIds": [ "madain-kas" ] }, { "id": "form", "label": "Recognizable feature", "value": "Circular basin", "sourceIds": [ "madain-kas" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Between Al-Qibli and the southern terrace stairs" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "qibli-mosque", "platform-arcades", "cisterns-and-pools" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/al-kas-fountain.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 733, "creator": "Beko / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al-Kas_Fountain_07112018.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Al-Kas_Fountain_07112018.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Al-Kas Fountain in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "madain-kas", "title": "Al-Kas (The Bowl Fountain)", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/al_kas", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-kas", "title": "سبيل الكأس", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-kas" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "madain-kas", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 52, "y": 68 }, "label": { "x": 53, "y": 69 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-004", "kb-005", "kb-011", "kb-016", "kb-029" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-kas-meaning", "qa-sabil-meaning", "qa-qaytbay-fountain-date", "qa-water-underneath" ], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-007", "slug": "dome-of-the-ascension", "canonicalName": "Dome of the Ascension", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat al-Miraj", "Qubbat al-Mi’raj", "Ascension Dome" ], "arabicName": "قبة المعراج", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A small octagonal monument with a distinctive crown-like feature above its dome.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Ascension is an octagonal building northwest of the Dome of the Rock. A smaller canopy on columns crowns its roof, giving it a profile distinct from the other terrace domes.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ascension" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records an Ayyubid rebuilding in 597 AH; the existing architectural reference places the dedication around 1200–01. Earlier origins are described differently by published sources, so the rebuilding should not be treated as an uncontested first foundation.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ascension", "madain-ascension" ] }, { "text": "Its name commemorates the Prophet Muhammad’s Ascension. The northern doorway and southern mihrab belong to the physical building; the sacred association is a religious tradition, not a date for the structure.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ascension" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "form", "label": "Plan", "value": "Octagonal", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ascension" ] }, { "id": "detail", "label": "Look for", "value": "Crown-like feature at the top", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ascension" ] }, { "id": "record", "label": "Recorded phase", "value": "Ayyubid dedication, c. 1200–01", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ascension" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Northwest of the Dome of the Rock" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-prophet", "dome-of-the-rock", "dome-of-the-spirits" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/dome-of-the-ascension.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 946, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Ascension_01.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Ascension_01.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of the Ascension in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "madain-ascension", "title": "Dome of the Ascension", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_ascension", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-ascension", "title": "قبة المعراج", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ascension" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "madain-ascension", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 44, "y": 25 }, "label": { "x": 43, "y": 20 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-020", "kb-027", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-ascension-age", "qa-prophet-columns", "qa-yusuf-agha", "qa-dome-name-date", "qa-qibli-crusaders", "qa-saladin-1187", "qa-templum-names", "qa-ayyubid-small-dome", "qa-isra-miraj-difference", "qa-buraq-source", "qa-exact-rock-ascension", "qa-commemorative-domes" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-009" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-008", "slug": "dome-of-the-prophet", "canonicalName": "Dome of the Prophet", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat al-Nabi", "Qubbat an-Nabi", "Dome of the Messenger" ], "arabicName": "قبة النبي", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A small open dome on eight marble columns, associated with the Prophet’s prayer niche.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Prophet stands between the Dome of the Rock and the Dome of the Ascension. Eight columns and pointed arches support an open canopy above a low, red prayer niche.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-prophet" ] }, { "text": "Its name commemorates the Muslim tradition of the Prophet Muhammad leading the prophets in prayer during the Night Journey. The niche, canopy and later repairs have architectural histories of their own; they are not physical evidence dating that event.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-prophet" ] }, { "text": "The Awqaf record describes Ottoman renewals. Reading the ground-level niche together with the canopy helps distinguish this monument from the enclosed Dome of the Ascension and the nearby Khalili teaching room.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-prophet" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "form", "label": "Form", "value": "Open dome on an octagonal base", "sourceIds": [ "madain-prophet" ] }, { "id": "columns", "label": "Supports", "value": "Eight marble columns", "sourceIds": [ "madain-prophet" ] }, { "id": "position", "label": "Position", "value": "Northwest of the Dome of the Rock", "sourceIds": [ "madain-prophet" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Northwest of the Dome of the Rock" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-ascension", "khalili-dome", "dome-of-the-rock" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/dome-of-the-prophet.webp", "width": 826, "height": 1100, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Prophet.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Prophet.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of the Prophet in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "madain-prophet", "title": "Dome of the Prophet", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_prophet", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-prophet", "title": "قبة ومحراب النبي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-prophet" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "madain-prophet", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 42, "y": 32 }, "label": { "x": 35, "y": 36 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-016", "kb-022", "kb-027" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-ascension-age", "qa-prophet-columns", "qa-yusuf-agha", "qa-dome-name-date", "qa-marwani-location", "qa-ancient-aqsa", "qa-mihrab-minbar", "qa-zechariah-niche-proof", "qa-suleyman-tiles", "qa-1817-tile", "qa-ottoman-qaytbay", "qa-prophet-ottoman", "qa-isra-miraj-difference", "qa-buraq-source", "qa-exact-rock-ascension", "qa-commemorative-domes" ], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-009", "slug": "cotton-merchants-gate", "canonicalName": "Cotton Merchants’ Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Qattanin", "Cotton Gate", "Qatanin Gate", "Qattaneen" ], "arabicName": "باب القطانين", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The gateway linking the sanctuary’s western side with the covered Cotton Merchants’ Market.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Bab al-Qattanin connects the western courtyard with the Cotton Merchants’ Market. Its monumental entrance is identified by red, white and dark stone and the muqarnas above the doorway.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-cotton" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records renewal by Emir Tankiz under Sultan Muhammad ibn Qalawun in 737 AH and repairs after the 1927 earthquake. The rebuilding belongs to the Mamluk development of the market and the sanctuary’s western edge.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-cotton" ] }, { "text": "The gate is between Iron Gate and Ablution Gate. Its market connection explains the name Qattanin, while other recorded names recall a new gateway and the qaysariyya, or market.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-cotton" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "name", "label": "Arabic name", "value": "Bab al-Qattanin", "sourceIds": [ "tourism-qattanin" ] }, { "id": "connection", "label": "Connects to", "value": "Cotton Merchants’ Market", "sourceIds": [ "tourism-qattanin" ] }, { "id": "setting", "label": "Setting", "value": "Western boundary of the sanctuary", "sourceIds": [ "tourism-qattanin" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary at the covered cotton market" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "iron-gate", "ablution-gate", "western-madrasas", "western-portico" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/cotton-merchants-gate.webp", "width": 921, "height": 1100, "creator": "Ludvig14 / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem_CottonMerchantsGate_8756b.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Jerusalem_CottonMerchantsGate_8756b.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Cotton Merchants’ Gate in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "tourism-qattanin", "title": "Qattanin Market", "publisher": "Palestinian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities", "url": "https://www.travelpalestine.ps/en/Article/212/Qattanin-Market", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-cotton", "title": "باب القطانين", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-cotton" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "tourism-qattanin", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 46 }, "label": { "x": 13, "y": 51 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-009", "kb-013", "kb-014", "kb-015", "kb-021", "kb-029" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-gate-count", "qa-cotton-gate-connection", "qa-chain-paired-gate", "qa-gate-open-now", "qa-madrasa-meaning", "qa-schools-position", "qa-waqf-learning", "qa-madrasa-open-classes", "qa-ashrafiyya-location", "qa-ashrafiyya-date", "qa-ashrafiyya-upper-storey", "qa-ashrafiyya-panel", "qa-mamluk-learning", "qa-tankiz-market", "qa-qaytbay-two-buildings", "qa-mamluk-monuments-same" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-010" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-010", "slug": "chain-gate", "canonicalName": "Chain Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Silsila", "Bab as-Silsilah", "Gate of the Chain", "Bab al-Mahkama" ], "arabicName": "باب السلسلة", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A historic western gateway paired with the adjacent Tranquility Gate.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Chain Gate forms the southern half of a paired gateway on the western boundary. The adjacent northern portal is Bab al-Sakina, the Tranquility Gate.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-gate" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records Ayyubid renewal under al-Muazzam Isa. The gate stands below the Chain Gate Minaret and beside Al-Tankiziyya; the court formerly housed there helps explain the name al-Mahkama used in this area.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-gate", "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] }, { "text": "Its two portals should be read together, while retaining their separate names. Neither is the Dome of the Chain, which stands on the raised platform farther east.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-gate" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "name", "label": "Arabic name", "value": "Bab al-Silsila", "sourceIds": [ "chain-gate-reference" ] }, { "id": "pair", "label": "Adjacent portal", "value": "Tranquility Gate", "sourceIds": [ "chain-gate-reference" ] }, { "id": "alias", "label": "Historical name", "value": "Bab al-Mahkama", "sourceIds": [ "chain-gate-reference" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary beside the Tankiziyya court" }, "features": [ { "id": "tranquility-gate", "name": "Tranquility Gate", "arabicName": "باب السكينة", "aliases": [ "Bab al-Sakina", "Bab al-Salam", "Peace Gate" ], "description": "The northern portal paired with Chain Gate. Awqaf also records the name Bab al-Salam. It is represented here as a named component of the double gateway.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-gate" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "chain-gate-minaret", "tankiziyya-madrasa", "dome-of-the-chain" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/chain-gate.webp", "width": 1100, "height": 747, "creator": "Ludvig14 / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem_ChainGate_8789a.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Jerusalem_ChainGate_8789a.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Chain Gate in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "chain-gate-reference", "title": "Chain Gate (Jerusalem)", "publisher": "Wikipedia · cited architectural bibliography", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_Gate_(Jerusalem)", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-chain-gate", "title": "باب السلسة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-tankiziyya", "title": "المدرسة التنكزية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-gate" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "chain-gate-reference", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates.", "The paired portal is searchable as a feature; it is not merged into an alias or counted as another full page." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 21, "y": 59 }, "label": { "x": 17, "y": 72 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-002", "kb-007", "kb-009", "kb-010", "kb-014", "kb-021" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-meaning-al-aqsa", "qa-haram-al-sharif", "qa-qubbat-al-sakhra", "qa-temple-mount-name", "qa-chain-location", "qa-chain-purpose", "qa-chain-gate-dome", "qa-gate-count", "qa-cotton-gate-connection", "qa-chain-paired-gate", "qa-gate-open-now", "qa-ashrafiyya-location", "qa-ashrafiyya-date", "qa-ashrafiyya-upper-storey", "qa-ashrafiyya-panel" ], "timelineEventIds": [ "ev-011" ] }, { "id": "aqsa-011", "slug": "ghawanima-minaret", "canonicalName": "Ghawanima Minaret", "alternateNames": [ "Al-Ghawanima", "Bani Ghanim Minaret", "Ghawanimah" ], "arabicName": "مئذنة الغوانمة", "entityType": "minarets", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A tall stone minaret rising above the northwestern corner of the sanctuary.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Ghawanima rises above the northwestern corner as a staged stone tower. Projecting moldings divide the shaft, while the upper balcony and canopy give it a distinctive silhouette.", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima" ] }, { "text": "Madain Project dates its construction to 1297–98 under Sultan Lajin. The 2015 custodial guide instead prints 1278 while also naming Lajin. These dates conflict; this atlas preserves the attribution rather than presenting either as independently settled.", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima", "passia-guide" ] }, { "text": "The minaret and Ghawanima Gate are related by position and name, but they are separate structures. Comparing the four minarets also reveals how different repairs and rebuilding phases shaped their profiles.", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "date", "label": "Construction date", "value": "1297–98 in Madain; 1278 in the 2015 guide — unresolved", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima", "passia-guide" ] }, { "id": "period", "label": "Period", "value": "Mamluk", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima" ] }, { "id": "position", "label": "Position", "value": "Northwestern corner", "sourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Northwestern corner of the enclosure" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "ghawanima-gate", "asbat-minaret", "chain-gate-minaret", "fakhriyya-minaret" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/ghawanima-minaret.webp", "width": 733, "height": 1100, "creator": "Ludvig14 / Wikimedia Commons", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem_GhawanimaMinaret_8998.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Jerusalem_GhawanimaMinaret_8998.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Ghawanima Minaret in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "madain-ghawanima", "title": "Al-Ghawanima Minaret", "publisher": "Madain Project", "url": "https://madainproject.com/al_ghawanima_minaret", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "madain-ghawanima", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates.", "Known conflict between the two construction dates is disclosed in both Explore and Learn." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 23, "y": 15 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 12 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-010", "kb-021", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-minaret-count", "qa-ghawanima-position", "qa-ghawanima-date-conflict", "qa-asbat-profile", "qa-source-checked-meaning", "qa-different-dates", "qa-museum-date-types", "qa-unesco-all-facts" ], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-012", "slug": "dome-of-yusuf", "canonicalName": "Dome of Yusuf", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat Yusuf", "Dome of Joseph", "Yusuf bin Ayyub" ], "arabicName": "قبة يوسف", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A small, partly open domed structure carrying inscriptions from different periods.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Dome of Yusuf is a small shelter on the southern part of the raised terrace. Two northern columns and a solid southern wall support the dome, leaving three sides open.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf attributes the building to al-Hajj Ali, acting under Yusuf Agha in 1092 AH, with its dedication recalling Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub. An older inscription commemorates Saladin’s wall and moat work; that inscription is not a date for the whole standing canopy.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf" ] }, { "text": "It is distinct from the Dome of Yusuf Agha near the museum and Al-Qibli. The shared name reflects connected patronal history, but the two structures occupy different places and levels.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf", "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "form", "label": "Form", "value": "Partly open domed structure", "sourceIds": [ "yusuf-reference" ] }, { "id": "record", "label": "Inscription periods", "value": "Twelfth and seventeenth centuries", "sourceIds": [ "yusuf-reference" ] }, { "id": "identity", "label": "Distinct from", "value": "Dome of Yusuf Agha", "sourceIds": [ "yusuf-reference" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Southern part of the Dome of the Rock’s terrace" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-yusuf-agha", "burhan-al-din-pulpit", "grammarians-dome" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/landmarks/dome-of-yusuf.webp", "width": 826, "height": 1100, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Yusuf_01.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Yusuf_01.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of Yusuf in the Al-Aqsa sanctuary", "sources": [ { "id": "yusuf-reference", "title": "Dome of Yusuf", "publisher": "Wikipedia · cited architectural bibliography", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif", "publisher": "PASSIA", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-09-14", "locator": "Monument entries and map legend", "note": "Used for relative positions only. The product diagram is schematic, not a surveyed plan." }, { "id": "awqaf-yusuf", "title": "قبة يوسف", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-0", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-yusuf-agha", "title": "قبة يوسف آغا", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "yusuf-reference", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "content.ar.facts", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions remain illustrative, not surveyed coordinates.", "Older inscription and Ottoman building work are explicitly distinguished." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 60, "y": 52 }, "label": { "x": 69, "y": 60 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-022", "kb-028", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [ "qa-ascension-age", "qa-prophet-columns", "qa-yusuf-agha", "qa-dome-name-date", "qa-source-checked-meaning", "qa-different-dates", "qa-museum-date-types", "qa-unesco-all-facts" ], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-013", "slug": "marwani-prayer-hall", "canonicalName": "Al-Marwani Prayer Hall", "alternateNames": [ "Marwani Mosque", "Al-Musalla al-Marwani", "Eastern substructure", "Solomon’s Stables" ], "arabicName": "المصلى المرواني", "entityType": "prayer-halls", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A vaulted lower hall whose massive stone supports carry the southeastern courtyard.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Marwani occupies the southeast substructure of the sanctuary. Rows of piers and arches support the courtyard above: this is a lower architectural level, not a separate building standing beside Al-Qibli.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-marwani", "awqaf-topography" ] }, { "text": "The Awqaf account describes earlier circulation and storage, Crusader use as stables, and rehabilitation as a prayer hall in 1996. The historical name “Solomon’s Stables” records a later naming tradition; it does not establish who built the substructure.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-marwani" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recognize it", "value": "Large stone piers and repeated vaulted aisles", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-marwani" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded modern phase", "value": "Rehabilitated for prayer in 1996", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-marwani" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Relationship", "value": "Below the southeastern courtyard", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-topography" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "lower", "relation": "Beneath the southeastern courtyard" }, "features": [ { "id": "cradle-of-isa", "name": "Cradle of Isa", "arabicName": "قبة مهد عيسى", "aliases": [ "Cradle of Jesus", "Mahd Isa", "Issa’s Cradle Mosque" ], "description": "A small commemorative chamber in the southeastern part of the lower complex. Its name associates the place with Isa (Jesus); this association does not establish the location of his birth. Awqaf describes a rectangular room with a domed feature and prayer niches.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-cradle" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "ancient-aqsa", "southern-gates", "qibli-mosque" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/marwani-prayer-hall.webp", "width": 800, "height": 600, "creator": "Thomazzo", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salamounovy_staje.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Salamounovy_staje.jpg", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Steps and arched entrances leading down to the Marwani prayer hall.", "capturedAt": "2007-11-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Steps and arched entrances leading down to the Marwani prayer hall." }, "imageAlt": "Steps and arched entrances leading down to the Marwani prayer hall.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-marwani", "title": "التسوية الجنوبية الشرقية (المصلى المرواني)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-topography", "title": "تضاريس المسجد الأقصى المبارك", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · topography (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/content/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83", "locator": "Southern substructures and their relationship to the courtyard", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "awqaf-cradle", "title": "قبة مهد عيسى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-marwani", "awqaf-topography" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-marwani", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "Sources differ in their account of the commemorative name of Mahd Isa. The page identifies the chamber without adopting an unsupported origin story." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 75, "y": 81 }, "label": { "x": 75, "y": 81 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-marwani" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-016" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-014", "slug": "ancient-aqsa", "canonicalName": "Ancient Al-Aqsa", "alternateNames": [ "Al-Aqsa al-Qadim", "Old Aqsa", "Ancient Aqsa Mosque" ], "arabicName": "الأقصى القديم", "entityType": "prayer-halls", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Two vaulted passages beneath Al-Qibli reveal a different level of the sanctuary.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The space called Ancient Al-Aqsa lies beneath the southern congregational hall. Two long passages run north–south towards the Double Gate, showing how the enclosure and the prayer building occupy different levels.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ancient-aqsa", "awqaf-topography" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf associates the passages with Umayyad circulation and records their reopening for prayer in 1998. “Ancient” is the name of this lower space; it should not be used to date every stone or imply that this is the whole of the early sanctuary.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ancient-aqsa" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Form", "value": "Two longitudinal vaulted passages", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ancient-aqsa" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Southern connection", "value": "Double Gate and Khutaniyya", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-topography" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded modern phase", "value": "Prayer-hall reopening in 1998", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ancient-aqsa" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "lower", "relation": "Under Al-Qibli Mosque" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "qibli-mosque", "southern-gates", "southern-madrasas", "marwani-prayer-hall" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/ancient-aqsa.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 750, "creator": "Randa107", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The vaulted interior of Ancient Aqsa, photographed in 2013.", "capturedAt": "2013-09-03 14:13:39", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The vaulted interior of Ancient Aqsa, photographed in 2013." }, "imageAlt": "The vaulted interior of Ancient Aqsa, photographed in 2013.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-ancient-aqsa", "title": "مصلى الاقصى القديم", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-topography", "title": "تضاريس المسجد الأقصى المبارك", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · topography (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/content/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83", "locator": "Southern substructures and their relationship to the courtyard", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ancient-aqsa", "awqaf-topography" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ancient-aqsa", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 51, "y": 81 }, "label": { "x": 51, "y": 81 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-ancient-aqsa" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-016" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-015", "slug": "buraq-prayer-hall", "canonicalName": "Al-Buraq Prayer Hall", "alternateNames": [ "Buraq Mosque", "Masjid al-Buraq", "Al Buraq Musalla" ], "arabicName": "مصلى البراق", "entityType": "prayer-halls", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A small lower prayer chamber associated with the Night Journey tradition.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Buraq prayer hall lies below the southern end of the Western Portico, beside the Maghariba Gate. A stair descends to the chamber, which contains a mihrab and a metal ring.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] }, { "text": "Muslim tradition associates the ring with the tethering of al-Buraq during the Prophet Muhammad’s Night Journey. Awqaf dates the visible ring to the Ottoman period and describes the chamber’s standing fabric as Mamluk with earlier origins. The object commemorates the tradition; it is not a surviving object dated to the Night Journey.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Architectural level", "value": "Lower chamber", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Look for", "value": "Mihrab and commemorative ring", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Distinguish from", "value": "The exterior Al-Buraq Wall", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "lower", "relation": "Lower level beside the Maghariba Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "maghariba-gate", "buraq-wall", "western-portico" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/buraq-prayer-hall.webp", "width": 665, "height": 474, "creator": "Heshbi", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance-to-Masjid-Buraq.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Entrance-to-Masjid-Buraq.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Entrance to the Buraq prayer hall; the interior is below the courtyard.", "capturedAt": "2019-05-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Entrance to the Buraq prayer hall; the interior is below the courtyard." }, "imageAlt": "Entrance to the Buraq prayer hall; the interior is below the courtyard.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-buraq-hall", "title": "مصلى البراق", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 73 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 73 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-016", "kb-027" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-016", "slug": "dome-of-suleiman", "canonicalName": "Dome of Suleiman", "alternateNames": [ "Dome of Solomon", "Qubbat Sulayman" ], "arabicName": "قبة سليمان", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An enclosed octagonal dome in the northern courtyard, with a natural rock inside.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "This octagonal structure stands on a small platform near Faisal Gate. Arched openings and windows articulate its sides; a prayer niche is set into its southern side.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ] }, { "text": "The Awqaf record associates its name with the Umayyad caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and proposes an Ayyubid rebuilding. It does not provide a secure original construction date. This northern monument is separate from the Ottoman Sabil Suleiman nearby.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Plan", "value": "Octagonal enclosure", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Interior feature", "value": "Natural rock", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Chronology", "value": "Earlier origins uncertain; Ayyubid renewal proposed", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Northern courtyard near Faisal Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "faisal-gate", "sabil-suleiman", "dome-of-the-lovers" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/dome-of-suleiman.webp", "width": 751, "height": 1000, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Solomon.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Solomon.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Dome of Suleiman.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Dome of Suleiman." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of Suleiman.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-suleiman-dome", "title": "قبة سليمان", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-dome", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 46, "y": 17 }, "label": { "x": 46, "y": 17 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-suleiman-dome" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-017", "slug": "dome-of-musa", "canonicalName": "Dome of Musa", "alternateNames": [ "Dome of Moses", "Qubbat Musa" ], "arabicName": "قبة موسى", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A compact domed room on the Musa prayer platform west of the raised terrace.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Dome of Musa is a square room capped by a circular dome on an octagonal drum. It stands on a prayer platform between the western boundary and the southwest corner of the Dome of the Rock’s terrace.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records a foundation under al-Salih Ayyub in 647 AH and later gatherings for the study of hadith. The source discusses more than one explanation for the name; it does not establish a connection with the lifetime of Musa (Moses).", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Form", "value": "Square room, octagonal drum", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Associated space", "value": "Musa prayer platform", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Documented use", "value": "Religious teaching", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Between Chain Gate and the Grammarians’ Dome" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "chain-gate", "grammarians-dome", "prayer-platforms" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/dome-of-musa.webp", "width": 823, "height": 1000, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Moses.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Moses.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Dome of Musa, seen from the courtyard.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Dome of Musa, seen from the courtyard." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of Musa, seen from the courtyard.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-musa", "title": "قبة موسى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 32, "y": 58 }, "label": { "x": 32, "y": 58 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-musa" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-013" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-018", "slug": "dome-of-al-khidr", "canonicalName": "Dome of Al-Khidr", "alternateNames": [ "Dome of Khadr", "Qubbat al-Khidr", "Khader Dome" ], "arabicName": "قبة الخضر", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A small open canopy resting on six marble columns.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Six slender columns carry the dome above a small platform near the northwestern corner of the raised terrace. An open prayer niche marks the southern side.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf connects its name with the Al-Khidr lodge below and describes Ayyubid–Mamluk origins with Ottoman renewal. The canopy and the lower lodge are related spaces rather than two names for one physical room.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Supports", "value": "Six marble columns", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Form", "value": "Open domed canopy", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Name", "value": "Related to the Al-Khidr lodge", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Northwestern edge of the raised platform" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-spirits", "khalili-dome", "platform-arcades" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/dome-of-al-khidr.webp", "width": 751, "height": 1000, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Al-Khidr_02.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Al-Khidr_02.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The small open Dome of al-Khidr.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The small open Dome of al-Khidr." }, "imageAlt": "The small open Dome of al-Khidr.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-khidr", "title": "قبة الخضر", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-khidr", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 34, "y": 24 }, "label": { "x": 34, "y": 24 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-khidr" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-028" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-019", "slug": "dome-of-yusuf-agha", "canonicalName": "Dome of Yusuf Agha", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat Yusuf Agha", "Yusuf Aga Dome" ], "arabicName": "قبة يوسف آغا", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An Ottoman domed shelter in the sanctuary’s southern courtyard.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "A square base and low dome identify this small building between the museum and Al-Qibli. Its southern wall contains a mihrab, while its other sides are open.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf attributes the building to the governor Yusuf Agha in 1092 AH. It is distinct from the Dome of Yusuf on the raised platform, whose name commemorates Saladin. Keeping the two names separate prevents a common mix-up in captions and search.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha", "awqaf-yusuf" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recorded phase", "value": "Ottoman, 1092 AH", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Patron", "value": "Yusuf Agha", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Position", "value": "Southern courtyard", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Between the Islamic Museum and Al-Qibli" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-yusuf", "islamic-museum", "qibli-mosque" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/dome-of-yusuf-agha.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 987, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Yusuf_Agha_02.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Yusuf_Agha_02.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Dome of Yusuf Agha.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Dome of Yusuf Agha." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of Yusuf Agha.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-yusuf-agha", "title": "قبة يوسف آغا", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-yusuf", "title": "قبة يوسف", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-0", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-yusuf-agha", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 36, "y": 77 }, "label": { "x": 36, "y": 77 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-yusuf-agha" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-022" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-020", "slug": "dome-of-the-spirits", "canonicalName": "Dome of the Spirits", "alternateNames": [ "Qubbat al-Arwah", "Dome of Souls" ], "arabicName": "قبة الأرواح", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An eight-column canopy with pointed arches on the raised platform.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Spirits is open on all sides. Eight marble columns and pointed arches support its roof, with natural rock beneath and a ground-level prayer niche on the south.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf assigns the standing structure to the Ottoman period. The evocative name is retained as a historic place-name, without turning it into an archaeological claim about the space below.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Supports", "value": "Eight marble columns", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Visible form", "value": "Pointed arches and open sides", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded period", "value": "Ottoman", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Northwest of the Dome of the Rock" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-al-khidr", "khalili-dome", "dome-of-the-ascension" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/dome-of-the-spirits.webp", "width": 727, "height": 1000, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Tablets_(Spirits)_02.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Tablets_%28Spirits%29_02.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Dome of the Spirits, an open pavilion on the raised platform.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Dome of the Spirits, an open pavilion on the raised platform." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of the Spirits, an open pavilion on the raised platform.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-spirits", "title": "قبة الأرواح", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-spirits", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 38, "y": 20 }, "label": { "x": 38, "y": 20 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-spirits" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-022" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-021", "slug": "khalili-dome", "canonicalName": "Al-Khalili Dome", "alternateNames": [ "Dome of Muhammad Bey", "Mohammadiyah Lodge", "Qubbat al-Khalili", "Bakh Bakh Dome" ], "arabicName": "قبة الخليلي", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An enclosed Ottoman teaching room above a small rock-cut chamber.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Khalili is a square building with a shallow dome, paired windows and an eastern entrance. Awqaf identifies an inscription above the doorway and a mihrab inside.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili" ] }, { "text": "The governor Muhammad Bey established it for teaching hadith in 1112 AH. Its later name recalls the scholar Muhammad al-Khalili. A chamber beneath it is associated with religious traditions; that lower chamber is separate from the nearby open Dome of the Spirits.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recorded founder", "value": "Muhammad Bey", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded foundation", "value": "1112 AH, Ottoman period", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Original use recorded", "value": "Hadith teaching", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Northwest of the Dome of the Rock" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-spirits", "dome-of-the-prophet", "dome-of-al-khidr" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/khalili-dome.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 676, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_al-Khalili.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_al-Khalili.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The building of the Khalili Dome.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The building of the Khalili Dome." }, "imageAlt": "The building of the Khalili Dome.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-khalili", "title": "قبة محمد بيك (الخليلي)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-khalili", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 34, "y": 30 }, "label": { "x": 34, "y": 30 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-khalili" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-008", "kb-013" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-022", "slug": "dome-of-the-lovers", "canonicalName": "Dome of the Lovers of the Prophet", "alternateNames": [ "Dome of Sultan Mahmud II", "Iwan Sultan Mahmud", "Qubbat Ushshaq al-Nabi" ], "arabicName": "قبة عشاق النبي", "entityType": "domes", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An open Ottoman pavilion associated with gatherings for devotional remembrance.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "This square, open-sided pavilion stands beside Faisal Gate. Its mihrab faces south. Awqaf records the existing structure in the reign of Sultan Mahmud II, in 1233 AH.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers" ] }, { "text": "Its Arabic name refers to Sufi worshippers who gathered for dhikr, or devotional remembrance. The alternative name Iwan Sultan Mahmud identifies the patronage of the building rather than another monument.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recorded date", "value": "1233 AH, Ottoman period", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Alternative name", "value": "Iwan Sultan Mahmud", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Form", "value": "Open square pavilion with mihrab", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Northern courtyard beside Faisal Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "faisal-gate", "dome-of-suleiman", "sabil-suleiman" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/dome-of-the-lovers.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 841, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Lovers_of_the_Prophets.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Lovers_of_the_Prophets.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Dome of the Lovers of the Prophet.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Dome of the Lovers of the Prophet." }, "imageAlt": "Dome of the Lovers of the Prophet.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-lovers", "title": "قبة عشاق النبي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-lovers", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 41, "y": 16 }, "label": { "x": 41, "y": 16 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-lovers" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-022" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-023", "slug": "grammarians-dome", "canonicalName": "Grammarians’ Dome", "alternateNames": [ "Al-Nahwiyya", "Qubbat al-Nahwiyya", "Muazzamiyya School", "Grammar School" ], "arabicName": "القبة النحوية", "entityType": "schools", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An Ayyubid teaching building whose name recalls the study of Arabic grammar.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Despite its familiar name, the Grammarians’ Dome is a two-level building rather than an isolated canopy. Its upper floor has connected rooms beneath domes of different heights; its eastern entrance has twisted marble columns.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf dates its foundation to 604 AH under al-Muazzam Isa and links its original teaching to Arabic grammar, morphology and Qur’anic readings. The lower arcade and later manuscript-copying use add further layers to its educational history.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recorded foundation", "value": "604 AH, Ayyubid period", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Original teaching", "value": "Grammar and Qur’anic readings", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Look for", "value": "Twisted entrance columns and unequal domes", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Southwestern corner of the raised platform" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-musa", "platform-arcades", "dome-of-yusuf" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/grammarians-dome.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 672, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Al-Nahawiyyah.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_Al-Nahawiyyah.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The Grammarians’ Dome at the edge of the raised platform.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The Grammarians’ Dome at the edge of the raised platform." }, "imageAlt": "The Grammarians’ Dome at the edge of the raised platform.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-grammar", "title": "القبة النحوية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. 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Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-grammar", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 35, "y": 52 }, "label": { "x": 35, "y": 52 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-grammar" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-020" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-024", "slug": "asbat-minaret", "canonicalName": "Asbat Minaret", "alternateNames": [ "Tribes Gate Minaret", "Salahiyya Minaret", "Minaret of the Tribes" ], "arabicName": "مئذنة الأسباط", "entityType": "minarets", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The round-shafted minaret above the northern portico.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Asbat Minaret stands between Asbat Gate and Hitta Gate. A cylindrical stone shaft rises from a square base, with carved muqarnas beneath the balcony.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-minaret" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records a Mamluk phase in 1367 and a major Ottoman rebuilding in 1599 that gave the tower its cylindrical profile. Further repairs followed in 1927–28. Its present outline therefore tells a story of rebuilding as well as foundation.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-minaret" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Profile", "value": "Cylindrical shaft on square base", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-minaret" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded rebuilding", "value": "1599 CE", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-minaret" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Alternative name", "value": "Salahiyya Minaret", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-minaret" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Northern boundary between Asbat and Hitta gates" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "asbat-gate", "hitta-gate", "northern-portico", "ghawanima-minaret" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/asbat-minaret.webp", "width": 667, "height": 1000, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Gate-of-the-Tribes-DZCA-1243.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Jerusalem-Gate-of-the-Tribes-DZCA-1243.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The round shaft of the Asbat Minaret.", "capturedAt": "2021-07-24 12:11:31", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The round shaft of the Asbat Minaret." }, "imageAlt": "The round shaft of the Asbat Minaret.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-asbat-minaret", "title": "مئذنة باب الأسباط اوالمئذنة الصلاحية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. 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Its square shaft and balcony contrast with the round outline of the Asbat Minaret.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf attributes the minaret to Emir Tankiz in 730 AH and records later repairs. The name Mahkama refers to the neighboring court in the Tankiziyya complex. The tower, gate and court have related names but remain separate architectural identities.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Patron recorded", "value": "Emir Tankiz", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded foundation", "value": "730 AH, Mamluk period", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Form", "value": "Square stone shaft", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western portico beside Chain Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "chain-gate", "tankiziyya-madrasa", "ashrafiyya-madrasa" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/chain-gate-minaret.webp", "width": 672, "height": 1000, "creator": "Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Muezzin.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Muezzin.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Chain Gate Minaret behind the Muezzins’ retreat and the western platform arcade.", "capturedAt": "2013-03-24", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Chain Gate Minaret behind the Muezzins’ retreat and the western platform arcade." }, "imageAlt": "Chain Gate Minaret behind the Muezzins’ retreat and the western platform arcade.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-chain-minaret", "title": "مأذنة باب السلسلة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%A3%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-chain-minaret", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "The Awqaf page gives inconsistent CE conversions for 730 AH and a later repair. The Hijri foundation year is retained; the contradictory repair conversion is not reproduced." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 21, "y": 57 }, "label": { "x": 21, "y": 57 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-chain-minaret" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-010", "kb-021" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-026", "slug": "fakhriyya-minaret", "canonicalName": "Fakhriyya Minaret", "alternateNames": [ "Maghariba Gate Minaret", "Moroccan Gate Minaret", "Al-Fakhariyya" ], "arabicName": "المئذنة الفخرية", "entityType": "minarets", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A square minaret marking the sanctuary’s southwestern corner.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Fakhriyya Minaret rises beside the museum and the southern end of the western enclosure. Its name connects it with the adjacent Fakhriyya foundation; it is also known by the nearby Maghariba Gate.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ] }, { "text": "The Awqaf record identifies it as Mamluk but prints conflicting foundation dates within the same entry. A precise founding year is therefore left unresolved here. The square tower and its documented later repairs remain useful points of identification.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recorded period", "value": "Mamluk; exact founding date unresolved", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Plan", "value": "Square tower", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Setting", "value": "Museum and Fakhriyya area", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Southwestern corner near the museum" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "southern-madrasas", "islamic-museum", "maghariba-gate" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/fakhriyya-minaret.webp", "width": 750, "height": 1000, "creator": "User:Ranbar", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TM_fachariyya_musk_minarett.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/TM_fachariyya_musk_minarett.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The Fakhriyya Minaret at the southwestern edge of the precinct.", "capturedAt": "2011-06-01 08:10:00", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The Fakhriyya Minaret at the southwestern edge of the precinct." }, "imageAlt": "The Fakhriyya Minaret at the southwestern edge of the precinct.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret", "title": "مئذنة باب المغاربة او الفخرية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "The source gives 1278 and 1350 in separate passages, and its Hijri/CE pairing also requires review. No single construction year is asserted." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 84 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 84 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-fakhriyya-minaret" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-010", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-027", "slug": "platform-arcades", "canonicalName": "The Platform Arcades", "alternateNames": [ "Al-Mawazin", "Bawaik", "Qanatir", "Arched gates", "Stairway arcades" ], "arabicName": "بوائك صحن الصخرة", "entityType": "courtyards", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Eight sets of arches mark the stairways around the raised terrace.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The bawaik frame the stairs around the Dome of the Rock’s platform. They belong to the terrace, unlike the perimeter gates in the enclosure wall. Comparing them reveals different numbers of openings and distinct decorative and rebuilding histories.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-south", "awqaf-arc-north", "awqaf-arc-east" ] }, { "text": "The southern arcade faces Al-Qibli and Al-Kas, while the eastern arcade has five openings. Inscriptions at other arcades record Mamluk and Ottoman work. These are related architectural features, not eight copies of a single design.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-south", "awqaf-arc-east", "awqaf-arc-ne", "awqaf-arc-nw" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Named groups", "value": "Eight directional arcades", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-north" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Largest opening count", "value": "Five at the eastern arcade", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-east" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Southern detail", "value": "Sundial added in 1927", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-south" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Around the Dome of the Rock’s raised platform" }, "features": [ { "id": "southern-arcade", "name": "Southern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الجنوبية", "aliases": [ "Southern Arched Gate", "Al-Baika al-Janubiyya" ], "description": "Four openings face the southern courtyard and Al-Kas. Awqaf records a sundial added in 1927.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-south" ] }, { "id": "eastern-arcade", "name": "Eastern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الشرقية", "aliases": [ "Eastern Arched Gate" ], "description": "Five openings span the stairway on the eastern side of the terrace. Awqaf treats its early dating as an attribution, rather than an inscribed founding date.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-east" ] }, { "id": "western-arcade", "name": "Western Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الغربية", "aliases": [ "Western Arched Gate" ], "description": "Four openings face the western entrance of the Dome of the Rock. Awqaf records later Fatimid and Ottoman renewal.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-west" ] }, { "id": "northwestern-arcade", "name": "Northwestern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الشمالية الغربية", "aliases": [ "Northwestern Arched Gate" ], "description": "Four openings near the Dome of the Spirits. An inscription records renewal under the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-nw" ] }, { "id": "northeastern-arcade", "name": "Northeastern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الشمالية الشرقية", "aliases": [ "Northeastern Arched Gate" ], "description": "Three openings with carved cushions and muqarnas. Awqaf connects its inscriptions with Sultan Muhammad ibn Qalawun.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-ne" ] }, { "id": "southwestern-arcade", "name": "Southwestern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الجنوبية الغربية", "aliases": [ "Southwestern Arched Gate" ], "description": "Three openings beside the Grammarians’ Dome, facing the Chain Gate area. The Awqaf record identifies a Mamluk construction phase.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-sw" ] }, { "id": "southeastern-arcade", "name": "Southeastern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الجنوبية الشرقية", "aliases": [ "Southeastern Arched Gate" ], "description": "Three openings with inscriptions associated with Fatimid work and Ayyubid renewal under al-Muazzam Isa.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-se" ] }, { "id": "northern-arcade", "name": "Northern Arcade", "arabicName": "البائكة الشمالية", "aliases": [ "Northern Arched Gate" ], "description": "Three openings on the north side. Awqaf records a rebuilding inscription of Sultan Muhammad ibn Qalawun. This arcade is included even though it is absent from the seven numbered arcades in the 2015 guide’s legend.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-north" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "dome-of-the-rock", "burhan-al-din-pulpit", "grammarians-dome", "prayer-platforms" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/platform-arcades.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 473, "creator": "Yair Haklai", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Summer_Pulpit-Bab_al-Silsila_minaret-Western_colonnade_(al-Mawazin).jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Summer_Pulpit-Bab_al-Silsila_minaret-Western_colonnade_%28al-Mawazin%29.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The southern, southwestern and western platform arcades seen from the east; the stone pulpit is at left.", "capturedAt": "2022-07-28 09:18:53", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The southern, southwestern and western platform arcades seen from the east; the stone pulpit is at left." }, "imageAlt": "The southern, southwestern and western platform arcades seen from the east; the stone pulpit is at left.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-arc-south", "title": "البائكة الجنوبية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-east", "title": "البائكة الشرقية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-west", "title": "البائكة الغربية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-nw", "title": "البائكة الشمالية الغربية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-ne", "title": "البائكة الشمالية الشرقية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-sw", "title": "البائكة الجنوبية الغربية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-se", "title": "البائكة الجنوبية الشرقية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/node/27", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arc-north", "title": "البائكة الشمالية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-south", "awqaf-arc-north", "awqaf-arc-east" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-arc-south", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 52, "y": 52 }, "label": { "x": 52, "y": 52 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-arc-south" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-012", "kb-015" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-028", "slug": "ashrafiyya-madrasa", "canonicalName": "Al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa", "alternateNames": [ "Ashrafiyah School", "Qaytbay’s Madrasa", "Madrasat al-Ashrafiyya" ], "arabicName": "المدرسة الأشرفية", "entityType": "schools", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Qaytbay’s educational foundation, distinguished by an elaborate stone entrance.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Ashrafiyya projects from the western boundary into the sanctuary. Its entrance combines red and white stone, carved decoration and a vaulted recess. Above, the historic plan arranged rooms and iwans around a courtyard.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ] }, { "text": "An inscription and endowment documents date Qaytbay’s rebuilding to 1482. Museum With No Frontiers distinguishes this from the earlier foundation of Sultan Khushqadam and notes damage to the upper storey in the 1927 earthquake.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Documented rebuilding", "value": "1482 CE", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Patron of rebuilding", "value": "Sultan Qaytbay", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Look for", "value": "Red-and-white stone entrance", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary near Sabil Qaytbay" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "sabil-qaytbay", "chain-gate-minaret", "western-madrasas" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/ashrafiyya-madrasa.webp", "width": 750, "height": 1000, "creator": "User:Ranbar", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TM_alashrafiyya1.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/TM_alashrafiyya1.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Decorated entrance to the Ashrafiyya Madrasa.", "capturedAt": "2011-06-01 10:02:33", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Decorated entrance to the Ashrafiyya Madrasa." }, "imageAlt": "Decorated entrance to the Ashrafiyya Madrasa.", "sources": [ { "id": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "title": "Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B8%3Ben", "locator": "Date, patron, description and evidence for dating", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 23, "y": 54 }, "label": { "x": 23, "y": 54 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "mwnf-ashrafiyya" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-014" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-029", "slug": "tankiziyya-madrasa", "canonicalName": "Al-Tankiziyya Madrasa", "alternateNames": [ "Tankaziyah School", "At-Tankiziyya", "Al-Mahkama", "Law Court" ], "arabicName": "المدرسة التنكزية", "entityType": "schools", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A Mamluk foundation spanning the western boundary, historically associated with teaching and a law court.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Tankiziyya adjoins Chain Gate, with parts of the complex on either side of the sanctuary’s western boundary. Its name commemorates Emir Sayf al-Din Tankiz, the Mamluk governor associated with several nearby building projects.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] }, { "text": "The Awqaf record dates the foundation to 1328 and traces its uses through hadith teaching and judicial administration. Its Ottoman court function explains the name al-Mahkama, also used for the neighboring gate area and minaret.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Founder", "value": "Emir Tankiz al-Nasiri", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded foundation", "value": "1328 CE", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Historic alternate name", "value": "Al-Mahkama — the court", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary immediately south of Chain Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "chain-gate", "chain-gate-minaret", "dome-of-musa" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/tankiziyya-madrasa.webp", "width": 700, "height": 525, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Tankiziyya Madrasa exterior.", "capturedAt": "2007-10-24 12:49:18", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Tankiziyya Madrasa exterior." }, "imageAlt": "Tankiziyya Madrasa exterior.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-tankiziyya", "title": "المدرسة التنكزية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-tankiziyya", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "Historical institutional uses do not imply present public access to the building." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 20, "y": 63 }, "label": { "x": 20, "y": 63 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-tankiziyya" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-021" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-030", "slug": "northern-madrasas", "canonicalName": "Madrasas of the Northern Edge", "alternateNames": [ "Northern schools", "Duwaydariyya", "Basitiyya", "Aminiyya", "Farisiyya", "Malikiyya", "Asardiyya", "Jawiliyya" ], "arabicName": "مدارس الرواق الشمالي", "entityType": "schools", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Seven named foundations reveal how teaching, residence and the sanctuary’s northern boundary were connected.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The northern portico supports and adjoins a dense sequence of educational foundations. Their rooms, courtyards and entrances occupy different levels; the Aminiyya and Farisiyya even overlap within one built complex.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-aminiyya", "awqaf-farisiyya" ] }, { "text": "These foundations belong to the wider Mamluk investment in learning around Al-Aqsa. Read them as individual institutions within a shared edge: their founders, dates and building forms differ.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-schools" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Architectural setting", "value": "Rooms and courtyards above the northern edge", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asardiyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Interlocking buildings", "value": "Aminiyya and Farisiyya", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-farisiyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Shared history", "value": "Mamluk educational endowments", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-schools" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Along and above the northern portico" }, "features": [ { "id": "duwaydariyya", "name": "Al-Duwaydariyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الدويدارية", "aliases": [ "Duwaidaryah School", "Dawadariyya" ], "description": "A school and Sufi lodge associated with Sanjar al-Duwaydar in 1295, beside Faisal Gate. Its entrance is decorated with muqarnas.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-duwaydariyya" ] }, { "id": "basitiyya", "name": "Al-Basitiyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الباسطية", "aliases": [ "Basitiyah School" ], "description": "A foundation beside the Duwaydariyya, endowed by Abd al-Basit in the early fifteenth century. Awqaf describes three rooms and an open court, with teaching in hadith, Qur’an and Shafi‘i law.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-basitiyya" ] }, { "id": "aminiyya", "name": "Al-Aminiyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الأمينية", "aliases": [ "Aminiyah School" ], "description": "A two-storey foundation dated by Awqaf to 730 AH, overlooking the northern portico. Its structure is interwoven with the Farisiyya above.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-aminiyya" ] }, { "id": "farisiyya", "name": "Al-Farisiyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الفارسية", "aliases": [ "Farisyah School" ], "description": "Endowed in 755 AH by Emir Faris. A pointed-arch entrance leads to a courtyard; a stair connects the structure with the neighboring Aminiyya.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-farisiyya" ] }, { "id": "malikiyya", "name": "Al-Malikiyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الملكية الجوكندرية", "aliases": [ "Malakiyah School", "Jukandariyya" ], "description": "Awqaf dates this northern foundation to 741 AH. Red and white entrance stonework leads through a vestibule to a small open courtyard and surrounding rooms.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-malikiyya" ] }, { "id": "asardiyya", "name": "Al-Asardiyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الأسعردية", "aliases": [ "Asa’rdiyah School", "Isirdiyya", "Asardiyah" ], "description": "A two-storey foundation with three domes and a court, at the western end of the northern portico’s school sequence. Awqaf distinguishes its 1358 construction from its 1368 endowment.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asardiyya" ] }, { "id": "jawiliyya", "name": "Al-Jawiliyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الجاولية", "aliases": [ "Jawiliyah School" ], "description": "Associated with Sanjar al-Jawli’s Mamluk endowment, this complex occupies the raised rocky ground near Ghawanima. Its south-facing rooms overlook the sanctuary.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-jawiliyya" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "northern-portico", "faisal-gate", "ghawanima-minaret" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/northern-madrasas.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 666, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-KTM-0910.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-KTM-0910.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Northern frontage around Faisal Gate: the Aminiyya Madrasa extends above the gate, with the Basitiyya to the right.", "capturedAt": "2019-10-14 10:04:44", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Northern frontage around Faisal Gate: the Aminiyya Madrasa extends above the gate, with the Basitiyya to the right." }, "imageAlt": "Northern frontage around Faisal Gate: the Aminiyya Madrasa extends above the gate, with the Basitiyya to the right.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-duwaydariyya", "title": "المدرسة الدويدارية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-basitiyya", "title": "المدرسة الباسطية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-aminiyya", "title": "المدرسة الأمينية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-farisiyya", "title": "المدرسة الفارسية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-malikiyya", "title": "المدرسة المَلَكيّة الجوكندريّة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-asardiyya", "title": "المدرسة الأسعردية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-jawiliyya", "title": "المدرسة الجاولية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "mwnf-schools", "title": "Cairo, Damascus and Jerusalem: Centres of Mamluk Intellectual Life", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/exhibitions/isl/the_mamluks/exhibition.php?page=4&theme=4", "locator": "Educational endowments and intellectual life", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-aminiyya", "awqaf-farisiyya" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-duwaydariyya", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "This is an explicitly grouped page, not a claim that seven foundations form one school. The map point marks the northern family of buildings rather than a single entrance." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 45, "y": 11 }, "label": { "x": 45, "y": 11 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-duwaydariyya" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-021" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-031", "slug": "western-madrasas", "canonicalName": "Madrasas of the Western Edge", "alternateNames": [ "Western schools", "Manjakiyya", "Khatuniyya", "Arghuniyya", "Uthmaniyya" ], "arabicName": "مدارس الرواق الغربي", "entityType": "schools", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Four Mamluk foundations connect the western portico to the streets and institutions beyond it.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "These schools are built into the western edge rather than standing freely in the courtyard. Their entrances and windows connect the sanctuary to neighboring lanes, while rooms and courts extend beyond the enclosure line.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-manjakiyya", "awqaf-arghuniyya", "awqaf-uthmaniyya" ] }, { "text": "Two foundations in this group bear the names of women who endowed them. The Uthmaniyya’s name should not be read as a simple Ottoman date: the custodial record places its foundation in the Mamluk period.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khatuniyya", "awqaf-uthmaniyya" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Setting", "value": "Western boundary institutions", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-manjakiyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Endowing patron", "value": "Ughul Khatun (Al-Khatuniyya)", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khatuniyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Chronological distinction", "value": "Uthmaniyya is a Mamluk foundation", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-uthmaniyya" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Between Nazir Gate and Al-Ashrafiyya" }, "features": [ { "id": "manjakiyya", "name": "Al-Manjakiyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة المنجكية", "aliases": [ "Manjakiyah School", "Manjaqiyya" ], "description": "A two-storey foundation beside Nazir Gate, attributed to Emir Manjak in 1361. Awqaf traces its later conversion through residential, educational and administrative uses.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-manjakiyya" ] }, { "id": "khatuniyya", "name": "Al-Khatuniyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الخاتونية", "aliases": [ "Khatuniyah School" ], "description": "Endowed by Ughul Khatun al-Baghdadiyya and dated in the Awqaf record to 1354. It combined teaching with a funerary role and has windows facing the sanctuary.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khatuniyya" ] }, { "id": "arghuniyya", "name": "Al-Arghuniyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الأرغونية", "aliases": [ "Araguniyah School", "Arghuniyah" ], "description": "A two-storey foundation between Iron and Cotton Merchants’ gates. Awqaf dates it to 1357 and identifies its inscribed entrance, contrasting stonework and the tomb of its founder Emir Arghun.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arghuniyya" ] }, { "id": "uthmaniyya", "name": "Al-Uthmaniyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة العثمانية", "aliases": [ "Ottoman School", "Uthmaniyah" ], "description": "Founded by Isfahan Shah Khatun in 1437 according to Awqaf, south of Ablution Gate and beside Al-Ashrafiyya. The building has an open court and a red-and-white stone entrance.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-uthmaniyya" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "western-portico", "iron-gate", "nazir-gate", "ashrafiyya-madrasa" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/western-madrasas.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 666, "creator": "Diego Delso", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Mount_buildings,_Jerusalem2.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Temple_Mount_buildings%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Western precinct frontage: the Uthmaniyya Madrasa with its pale dome, Ashrafiyya at left, and the Qaytbay fountain in front.", "capturedAt": "2011-09-28", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Western precinct frontage: the Uthmaniyya Madrasa with its pale dome, Ashrafiyya at left, and the Qaytbay fountain in front." }, "imageAlt": "Western precinct frontage: the Uthmaniyya Madrasa with its pale dome, Ashrafiyya at left, and the Qaytbay fountain in front.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-manjakiyya", "title": "المدرسة المنجكية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. 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Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-uthmaniyya", "title": "المدرسة العثمانية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. 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Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-manjakiyya", "awqaf-arghuniyya", "awqaf-uthmaniyya" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-manjakiyya", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "This grouped page is a regional reading of four distinct foundations; its marker does not identify a single entrance." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 20, "y": 39 }, "label": { "x": 20, "y": 39 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-manjakiyya" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-021" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-032", "slug": "southern-madrasas", "canonicalName": "Khutaniyya & Fakhriyya", "alternateNames": [ "Southern schools", "Khutniya School", "Khutaniyya Library", "Fakhriya School", "Fakhriyya Lodge" ], "arabicName": "الختنية والفخرية", "entityType": "schools", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Two distinct teaching foundations tied to the southern gateways and museum buildings.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Khutaniyya adjoins the Double Gate on the outside of the southern enclosure. Awqaf traces it to an Ayyubid endowment and later associates its name with the teacher Shams al-Din al-Khutani. Its connections are with Ancient Al-Aqsa and the southern boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khutaniyya" ] }, { "text": "The Fakhriyya is a separate foundation near Maghariba Gate. It began as a religious school and later served as a Sufi lodge. Awqaf describes surviving prayer space, columns and Ottoman domes; its position connects it with the museum complex.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Khutaniyya relationship", "value": "At the Double Gate, on the outer southern side", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khutaniyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Fakhriyya relationship", "value": "Beside Maghariba Gate", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Why grouped", "value": "Two distinct southern educational foundations", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-fakhriyya" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Foundations adjoining the southern and southwestern boundary" }, "features": [ { "id": "khutaniyya", "name": "Al-Khutaniyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الختنية", "aliases": [ "Khutniya", "Khutaniyya Library" ], "description": "An Ayyubid foundation adjoining the Double Gate. Its fabric has changed repeatedly; Awqaf identifies surviving arches and windows and records its later library role.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-khutaniyya" ] }, { "id": "fakhriyya", "name": "Al-Fakhriyya", "arabicName": "المدرسة الفخرية", "aliases": [ "Fakhriya", "Fakhriyya Lodge" ], "description": "A Mamluk school and later Sufi lodge near Maghariba Gate. 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Original image license retained.", "caption": "Entrance and sign of the Khutniyya Library, representing the southern group of learning buildings.", "capturedAt": "2008-02-07 12:06:30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Entrance and sign of the Khutniyya Library, representing the southern group of learning buildings." }, "imageAlt": "Entrance and sign of the Khutniyya Library, representing the southern group of learning buildings.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-khutaniyya", "title": "المدرسة الختنية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. 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Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-khutaniyya" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-khutaniyya", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "The two buildings are not adjacent parts of one institution. This family remains in the list; no single map pin substitutes for their separate sites." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "unlocated", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 35, "y": 89 }, "label": { "x": 35, "y": 89 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-khutaniyya" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-030" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-033", "slug": "northern-portico", "canonicalName": "The Northern Portico", "alternateNames": [ "Northern Corridor", "Northern Arcade", "Riwaq al-Shamali" ], "arabicName": "الرواق الشمالي", "entityType": "courtyards", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A shaded arcade connecting the northern gates and the buildings above them.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Northern Portico runs westward from Asbat Gate. Its stone arches form the courtyard-facing edge of the northern range, with gateways and educational foundations interrupting and rising above it.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf separates its history into three stretches: Asbat to Hitta, Hitta to Faisal, and Faisal towards the rocky northwest. These have different recorded renewals, including Ayyubid and Mamluk phases. A single founding year would conceal that sequence.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Eastern reference point", "value": "Asbat Gate", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Historic sequence", "value": "Three separately described stretches", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Relationship", "value": "Gates below, educational buildings above", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Along the northern enclosure" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "asbat-gate", "hitta-gate", "faisal-gate", "northern-madrasas" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/northern-portico.webp", "width": 750, "height": 1000, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.JPG", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.JPG", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The northern portico, with the Asbat Minaret above it.", "capturedAt": "2008-12-26 08:22:21", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The northern portico, with the Asbat Minaret above it." }, "imageAlt": "The northern portico, with the Asbat Minaret above it.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-north-portico", "title": "الرواق الشمالي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-north-portico", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 58, "y": 12 }, "label": { "x": 58, "y": 12 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-north-portico" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-012", "kb-013" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-034", "slug": "bab-al-rahma", "canonicalName": "Bab al-Rahma & Bab al-Tawba", "alternateNames": [ "Golden Gate", "Mercy Gate", "Gate of Repentance", "Bab ar-Rahmah", "Bab at-Tawbah" ], "arabicName": "باب الرحمة والتوبة", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A paired eastern gateway and prayer-hall complex, known as the Golden Gate in many English sources.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The complex contains two named portals: al-Rahma on the south and al-Tawba on the north. The interior halls sit below the courtyard, while the eastern facade forms part of the enclosure wall.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ] }, { "text": "The Awqaf account associates the standing complex with the Umayyad period and traces its use for prayer and study through historical texts. Its account of closure distinguishes doors being shut from later masonry blocking. These architectural histories do not establish present entry arrangements.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Southern portal", "value": "Bab al-Rahma — Mercy", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Northern portal", "value": "Bab al-Tawba — Repentance", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "English reference name", "value": "Golden Gate", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "east", "level": "lower", "relation": "Eastern boundary, below courtyard level" }, "features": [ { "id": "rahma-portal", "name": "Bab al-Rahma", "arabicName": "باب الرحمة", "aliases": [ "Gate of Mercy" ], "description": "The southern portal of the paired eastern gateway.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ] }, { "id": "tawba-portal", "name": "Bab al-Tawba", "arabicName": "باب التوبة", "aliases": [ "Gate of Repentance" ], "description": "The northern portal of the same gateway complex, retained as a named feature rather than a duplicate place page.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "funerals-gate", "asbat-gate", "marwani-prayer-hall" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/bab-al-rahma.webp", "width": 750, "height": 1000, "creator": "Randa107", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Bab al-Rahma seen from the precinct courtyard.", "capturedAt": "2021-10-26 15:06:34", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Bab al-Rahma seen from the precinct courtyard." }, "imageAlt": "Bab al-Rahma seen from the precinct courtyard.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-rahma", "title": "مصلى باب الرحمة والتوبة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-rahma", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 84, "y": 36 }, "label": { "x": 84, "y": 36 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-rahma" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-016" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-035", "slug": "asbat-gate", "canonicalName": "Asbat Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Asbat", "Tribes Gate", "Gate of the Tribes" ], "arabicName": "باب الأسباط", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The sanctuary’s northeastern gateway, distinct from the city gate of the same name.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Bab al-Asbat occupies the northeastern corner of Al-Aqsa’s enclosure. Its arched opening meets the eastern end of the Northern Portico.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate", "awqaf-north-portico" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records successive Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman renewals. This page identifies the sanctuary gate. The similarly named gate in the Old City wall is another structure outside this atlas’s precinct scope.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Position", "value": "Northeastern sanctuary corner", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Form", "value": "Arched entrance", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded phases", "value": "Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman renewal", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Northeastern corner of the sanctuary" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "asbat-minaret", "northern-portico", "hitta-gate" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/asbat-gate.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 903, "creator": "Yaakov Shoham", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bab_al-asbat.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Bab_al-asbat.jpg", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Bab al-Asbat, the precinct’s Gate of the Tribes.", "capturedAt": "2007-04-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Bab al-Asbat, the precinct’s Gate of the Tribes." }, "imageAlt": "Bab al-Asbat, the precinct’s Gate of the Tribes.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-asbat-gate", "title": "باب الأسباط", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-north-portico", "title": "الرواق الشمالي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate", "awqaf-north-portico" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-asbat-gate", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 82, "y": 12 }, "label": { "x": 82, "y": 12 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-asbat-gate" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-009" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-036", "slug": "hitta-gate", "canonicalName": "Hitta Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab Hitta", "Remission Gate", "Gate of Forgiveness", "Bab Hittah" ], "arabicName": "باب حطة", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A rectangular northern gateway with a name associated with forgiveness.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Bab Hitta lies in the north wall between Asbat and Faisal gates. Awqaf describes a rectangular opening with flanking platforms and prayer niches.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta" ] }, { "text": "The custodial account records Ayyubid renewal in 617 AH and later Ottoman work. It connects the name with the Qur’anic language of asking forgiveness; the architectural record and the religious association are different kinds of evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Position", "value": "Northern boundary", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded renewal", "value": "617 AH, Ayyubid period", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Name used in English", "value": "Remission or Forgiveness Gate", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Northern boundary between Asbat and Faisal gates" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "asbat-gate", "faisal-gate", "northern-portico" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/hitta-gate.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 666, "creator": "Ludvig14", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem_RemissionGate_8929.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Jerusalem_RemissionGate_8929.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Hitta Gate on the northern boundary.", "capturedAt": "2015-10-21 10:30:38", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Hitta Gate on the northern boundary." }, "imageAlt": "Hitta Gate on the northern boundary.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-hitta", "title": "باب حطة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-hitta", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 65, "y": 12 }, "label": { "x": 65, "y": 12 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-hitta" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-028" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-037", "slug": "faisal-gate", "canonicalName": "Faisal Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Atm", "Darkness Gate", "Bab Sharaf al-Anbiya", "Gate of the Prophets", "Duwaydariyya Gate" ], "arabicName": "باب الملك فيصل", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A northern gate known by several names connected to its street, school and later commemoration.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "This rectangular gateway stands between Hitta and Ghawanima. The name Sharaf al-Anbiya relates to the neighboring quarter, while Duwaydariyya recalls the school beside it.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf connects the name Faisal with the king’s visit in 1930 and records earlier Ayyubid and later renewals. A nearby inscription concerns the Northern Portico, so it should not automatically be read as the gateway’s first construction date.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Other familiar name", "value": "Bab al-Atm", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Neighboring institution", "value": "Al-Duwaydariyya", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Modern commemorative name", "value": "King Faisal", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Northern boundary west of Hitta Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "northern-madrasas", "dome-of-suleiman", "dome-of-the-lovers", "sabil-suleiman" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/faisal-gate.webp", "width": 667, "height": 1000, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-KTM-0911.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-KTM-0911.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "King Faisal Gate, also called the Gate of Darkness.", "capturedAt": "2019-10-14 10:04:54", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "King Faisal Gate, also called the Gate of Darkness." }, "imageAlt": "King Faisal Gate, also called the Gate of Darkness.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-faisal", "title": "باب شرف الأنبياء", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-faisal", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 48, "y": 12 }, "label": { "x": 48, "y": 12 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-faisal" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-038", "slug": "ghawanima-gate", "canonicalName": "Ghawanima Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Ghawanima", "Bani Ghanim Gate", "Gate of Bani Ghanim", "Bab al-Khalil" ], "arabicName": "باب الغوانمة", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A small elevated gateway beside the northwestern end of the Western Portico.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Awqaf describes a compact rectangular gate reached by steps at the northwestern corner. Its names refer to Bani Ghanim and the neighboring Ghawanima quarter.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ] }, { "text": "The record proposes earlier origins and identifies Mamluk renewal. The gate should be distinguished from the taller Ghawanima Minaret nearby: sharing a location and name does not give the two structures an identical chronology.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Form", "value": "Small rectangular gateway", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Level difference", "value": "Steps at the gateway", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Portico relationship", "value": "Northern end of the Western Portico", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Northwestern corner of the sanctuary" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "ghawanima-minaret", "western-portico", "nazir-gate" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/ghawanima-gate.webp", "width": 667, "height": 1000, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Gate-of-Bani-Ghanim-DZCA-1405.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Jerusalem-Gate-of-Bani-Ghanim-DZCA-1405.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Ghawanima Gate.", "capturedAt": "2021-07-24 13:29:37", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Ghawanima Gate." }, "imageAlt": "Ghawanima Gate.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-ghawanima-gate", "title": "باب الغوانمة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ghawanima-gate", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 18 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 18 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-ghawanima-gate" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-010" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-039", "slug": "nazir-gate", "canonicalName": "Nazir Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Inspector’s Gate", "Council Gate", "Bab al-Majlis", "Bab al-Nazir", "Bab al-Habs" ], "arabicName": "باب الناظر", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A large western gateway whose names recall the sanctuary’s administration and neighboring institutions.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Nazir Gate is a rectangular gateway along the Western Portico. The title nazir refers to the supervisor of the holy sites; the alternative name Majlis recalls the council buildings nearby.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf records renewal under the Ayyubid ruler al-Muazzam Isa. Other historical names refer to the adjacent Mansuri hospice and its later prison use. These names describe changing surroundings, rather than several separate gates.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Arabic name", "value": "Bab al-Nazir", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Alternative name", "value": "Bab al-Majlis", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded renewal", "value": "Ayyubid, under al-Muazzam Isa", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary south of Ghawanima Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "western-madrasas", "western-portico", "ghawanima-gate", "iron-gate" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/nazir-gate.webp", "width": 667, "height": 1000, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-V1-177.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-V1-177.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Bab al-Nazir, the Inspector’s Gate.", "capturedAt": "2022-09-26 09:47:39", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Bab al-Nazir, the Inspector’s Gate." }, "imageAlt": "Bab al-Nazir, the Inspector’s Gate.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-nazir", "title": "باب الناظر", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%B1", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-nazir", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 30 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 30 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-nazir" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-013" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-040", "slug": "iron-gate", "canonicalName": "Iron Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Hadid", "Bab al-Hadeed", "Arghun Gate" ], "arabicName": "باب الحديد", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A compact western gateway associated with the Mamluk patron Emir Arghun.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Iron Gate is a small rectangular opening south of Nazir Gate. Its other name, Arghun Gate, connects it to the patron of the nearby Arghuniyya madrasa.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-iron" ] }, { "text": "The school’s decorated entrance is in the lane outside the gate. Together they show the relationship between the sanctuary edge and the Mamluk institutions immediately beyond it.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arghuniyya" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Arabic name", "value": "Bab al-Hadid", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-iron" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Patronal name", "value": "Arghun Gate", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-iron" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Nearby foundation", "value": "Al-Arghuniyya", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-arghuniyya" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary south of Nazir Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "western-madrasas", "nazir-gate", "cotton-merchants-gate" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/iron-gate.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 748, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF.JPG", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF.JPG", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Bab al-Hadid, the Iron Gate.", "capturedAt": "1899-11-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Bab al-Hadid, the Iron Gate." }, "imageAlt": "Bab al-Hadid, the Iron Gate.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-iron", "title": "باب الحديد", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-arghuniyya", "title": "المدرسة الأرغونية", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-iron" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-iron", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 39 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 39 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-iron" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-021" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-041", "slug": "ablution-gate", "canonicalName": "Ablution Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Mathara", "Bab al-Mutawadda", "Purification Gate", "Bab al-Siqaya" ], "arabicName": "باب المطهرة", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A gateway named for the washing facilities beyond the western edge.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Bab al-Mathara lies between the Cotton Merchants’ Gate and Chain Gate. Unlike a gateway onto a principal street, its historic relationship is with the ablution and water facilities beyond it.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf attributes an Ayyubid phase to al-Adil Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub and records subsequent rebuilding. Its several names—Mathara, Mutawadda and Siqaya—reflect this connection to washing and water provision.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Name refers to", "value": "Ablution and purification", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Position", "value": "Between Cotton and Chain gates", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded early phase", "value": "Ayyubid", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Western boundary between Cotton and Chain gates" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "cotton-merchants-gate", "chain-gate", "western-madrasas" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/ablution-gate.webp", "width": 667, "height": 1000, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-V1-106.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-V1-106.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The passage of Bab al-Mathara, the Ablution Gate.", "capturedAt": "2022-09-26 09:32:42", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The passage of Bab al-Mathara, the Ablution Gate." }, "imageAlt": "The passage of Bab al-Mathara, the Ablution Gate.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-ablution", "title": "باب المطهرة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-ablution", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 22, "y": 51 }, "label": { "x": 22, "y": 51 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-ablution" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-011" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-042", "slug": "maghariba-gate", "canonicalName": "Maghariba Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Moroccan Gate", "Mughrabi Gate", "Mughariba Gate", "Bab al-Maghariba" ], "arabicName": "باب المغاربة", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The southernmost western gateway, named for the historic Maghariba quarter.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Maghariba Gate stands at the southern end of the Western Portico, near the museum and Buraq prayer hall. Its name recalls the North African community of the former neighboring quarter.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf assigns an Ayyubid phase and records Mamluk renewal under Muhammad ibn Qalawun. This architectural entry identifies the gateway and its relationships; arrangements for using it belong to current visitor information.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Position", "value": "Southernmost gate in the western wall", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Name recalls", "value": "The Maghariba quarter", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded phases", "value": "Ayyubid and Mamluk", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Southern end of the western boundary" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "buraq-prayer-hall", "islamic-museum", "fakhriyya-minaret", "western-portico" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/maghariba-gate.webp", "width": 942, "height": 984, "creator": "Yaakov Shoham", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maghrebian_Gate_(Moors_Gate).jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Maghrebian_Gate_%28Moors_Gate%29.jpg", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Maghariba Gate seen from inside the precinct.", "capturedAt": "2007-04-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Maghariba Gate seen from inside the precinct." }, "imageAlt": "Maghariba Gate seen from inside the precinct.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-maghariba", "title": "باب المغاربة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-maghariba", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 21, "y": 74 }, "label": { "x": 21, "y": 74 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-maghariba" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-029" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-043", "slug": "southern-gates", "canonicalName": "The Historic Southern Gates", "alternateNames": [ "Double Gate", "Triple Gate", "Single Gate", "Huldah Gates", "Prophet’s Gate", "Bab al-Nabi", "Bab al-Ayn" ], "arabicName": "أبواب السور الجنوبي", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Three separate gateway sites reveal earlier routes through the sanctuary’s southern substructures.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Double, Triple and Single gates occupy different parts of the southern enclosure. Their names describe the number of openings. The Double Gate relates to Ancient Al-Aqsa, while the eastern gateways connect with the Marwani substructure.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-double", "awqaf-triple", "awqaf-single" ] }, { "text": "These are historic architectural openings, documented as blocked in the custodial records. They explain older circulation beneath the courtyard; this page is not a proposed visitor route.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-double", "awqaf-triple", "awqaf-single" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Western complex", "value": "Double Gate and Ancient Al-Aqsa", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-double" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Eastern connections", "value": "Triple and Single gates, Marwani", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-triple" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Architectural level", "value": "Southern lower substructures", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-single" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "lower", "relation": "In the southern enclosure below courtyard level" }, "features": [ { "id": "double-gate", "name": "Double Gate", "arabicName": "الباب المزدوج", "aliases": [ "Bab al-Nabi", "Prophet’s Gate", "Al-Yamani Gate" ], "description": "Two openings beneath the southern prayer hall, adjoining the Khutaniyya. The associated passages extend north through Ancient Al-Aqsa.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-double" ] }, { "id": "triple-gate", "name": "Triple Gate", "arabicName": "الباب الثلاثي", "aliases": [ "Triple Huldah Gate", "Gates of Mary’s Mihrab" ], "description": "Three former entrances associated with passageways in the Marwani complex. Its three arches distinguish it from the Double and Single gates.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-triple" ] }, { "id": "single-gate", "name": "Single Gate", "arabicName": "الباب المفرد", "aliases": [ "Bab al-Ayn" ], "description": "A single opening east of the Triple Gate, connected to the Marwani substructure. Awqaf proposes Abbasid or Fatimid origins, without asserting a precise construction date.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-single" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "ancient-aqsa", "marwani-prayer-hall", "southern-madrasas" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/southern-gates.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 750, "creator": "Utilisateur:Djampa", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Jerusalem_Huldah_Gates_P1010834.JPG", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Old_Jerusalem_Huldah_Gates_P1010834.JPG", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The sealed Triple Gate in the southern boundary wall, representing the southern gateway group.", "capturedAt": "2012-12-16 12:04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The sealed Triple Gate in the southern boundary wall, representing the southern gateway group." }, "imageAlt": "The sealed Triple Gate in the southern boundary wall, representing the southern gateway group.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-double", "title": "الباب المزدوج", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-triple", "title": "الباب الثلاثي", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-single", "title": "الباب المفرد", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-double", "awqaf-triple", "awqaf-single" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-double", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 66, "y": 89 }, "label": { "x": 66, "y": 89 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-double" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-009" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-044", "slug": "funerals-gate", "canonicalName": "Funerals Gate", "alternateNames": [ "Bab al-Janaiz", "Gate of Funerals", "Funeral Gate" ], "arabicName": "باب الجنائز", "entityType": "gates", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A historic eastern opening associated with funerary movement towards the neighboring cemetery.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The Funerals Gate is a small historic opening in the eastern enclosure south of Bab al-Rahma. Its name records the movement of funeral processions towards the cemetery outside the wall.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf proposes an Abbasid origin and describes traces visible from the cemetery side. The dating is an attribution, and the entry does not indicate a usable passage today.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Position", "value": "South of Bab al-Rahma", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Name records", "value": "Funerary passage to the cemetery", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Proposed early phase", "value": "Abbasid, not securely dated", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "east", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Eastern boundary south of Bab al-Rahma" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "bab-al-rahma", "platform-arcades" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/funerals-gate.webp", "width": 900, "height": 675, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2.jpg", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The sealed Funerals Gate in the eastern boundary wall.", "capturedAt": "2008-12-26 08:21:32", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The sealed Funerals Gate in the eastern boundary wall." }, "imageAlt": "The sealed Funerals Gate in the eastern boundary wall.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-funerals", "title": "باب الجنائز", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-funerals", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 84, "y": 42 }, "label": { "x": 84, "y": 42 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-funerals" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-045", "slug": "qasim-pasha-sabil", "canonicalName": "Sabil Qasim Pasha", "alternateNames": [ "Qasem Pasha Fountain", "Sabil al-Mahkama", "Qasim Pasha Ablution Fountain" ], "arabicName": "سبيل قاسم باشا", "entityType": "water", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An octagonal Ottoman fountain with a domed center and a surrounding canopy.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The fountain stands opposite Al-Ashrafiyya in a slightly sunken setting. Its octagonal form, helmet-like dome and surrounding wooden canopy distinguish it from the taller masonry sabil of Qaytbay.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim" ] }, { "text": "Awqaf associates it with the Ottoman governor Qasim Pasha and records a restoration in 1997. The alternative name Sabil al-Mahkama reflects its proximity to the court and Chain Gate area.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Period", "value": "Ottoman", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Form", "value": "Octagonal fountain", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Recorded restoration", "value": "1997 CE", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Western courtyard opposite Al-Ashrafiyya" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "ashrafiyya-madrasa", "sabil-qaytbay", "chain-gate" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/qasim-pasha-sabil.webp", "width": 750, "height": 1000, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7.JPG", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7.JPG", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Qasim Pasha Sabil.", "capturedAt": "2008-12-26 14:49:14", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Qasim Pasha Sabil." }, "imageAlt": "Qasim Pasha Sabil.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-qasim", "title": "سبيل قاسم باشا", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-qasim", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 30, "y": 57 }, "label": { "x": 30, "y": 57 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-qasim" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-011", "kb-022" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-046", "slug": "sabil-suleiman", "canonicalName": "Sabil Suleiman", "alternateNames": [ "Suleiman Fountain", "Sabil Sulayman", "Fountain of Suleiman the Magnificent" ], "arabicName": "سبيل سليمان القانوني", "entityType": "water", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An Ottoman fountain connected with Sultan Suleiman’s water-building programme.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "This sabil faces the gate also known as Sharaf al-Anbiya or Faisal. Awqaf identifies it as one of the fountains of Sultan Suleiman and notes an inscription recording its construction.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ] }, { "text": "Later washing facilities were added around the historic fountain in 1997. The distinction matters when reading a photograph: the historic masonry and the surrounding modern fittings belong to different phases.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Patron", "value": "Sultan Suleiman", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Period", "value": "Ottoman", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Setting", "value": "Facing Faisal Gate", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "north", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Northern courtyard facing Faisal Gate" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "faisal-gate", "dome-of-suleiman", "prayer-platforms" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/sabil-suleiman.webp", "width": 750, "height": 1000, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.JPG", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.JPG", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Sabil Suleiman, with its pointed arched recess.", "capturedAt": "2008-12-26 08:34:33", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Sabil Suleiman, with its pointed arched recess." }, "imageAlt": "Sabil Suleiman, with its pointed arched recess.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-suleiman-sabil", "title": "سبيل سليمان القانوني", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-suleiman-sabil", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 48, "y": 20 }, "label": { "x": 48, "y": 20 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-suleiman-sabil" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-011", "kb-022" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-047", "slug": "cisterns-and-pools", "canonicalName": "Cisterns, Wells & Pools", "alternateNames": [ "King Isa Cistern", "Al-Muazzam Isa Cistern", "Urwa Cistern", "Narenj Pool", "Birkat al-Naranj", "Wells of Al-Aqsa" ], "arabicName": "الصهاريج والآبار والبرك", "entityType": "water", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "A guide to stored water beneath the sanctuary and the visible structures associated with it.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The visible fountains are only part of Al-Aqsa’s water architecture. Lower chambers and wells occupy the space beneath the terraces, while pools and well-heads mark parts of that system at the surface.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-topography" ] }, { "text": "The named entries below identify separate structures. Their grouping explains a shared function; it does not assert that every cistern is connected, or that a historical water point is operating or potable today.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-issa-cistern", "awqaf-well-ghawanima" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Named cistern", "value": "Urwa / al-Muazzam Isa", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-issa-cistern" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Lower form", "value": "Three separated vaulted spaces at the Urwa cistern", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-issa-cistern" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Visible well example", "value": "Small circular Ghawanima well", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-well-ghawanima" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "lower", "relation": "Water structures at and below the courtyard" }, "features": [ { "id": "issa-cistern", "name": "Cistern of Al-Muazzam Isa", "arabicName": "صهريج الملك عيسى المعظم", "aliases": [ "King Issa Moathem Cistern", "Urwa Cistern", "Sahrij Urwa" ], "description": "Also named for Muhammad ibn Urwa al-Mawsili, this Ayyubid water structure lies south of the western platform arcade. Awqaf describes three lower vaulted spaces, one extending beneath the terrace.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-issa-cistern" ] }, { "id": "narenj-pool", "name": "Narenj Pool", "arabicName": "بركة النارنج", "aliases": [ "Birkat al-Naranj", "Naranj Pool", "Orange Pool" ], "description": "The pool is recorded as a distinct water feature beside the western side of the raised platform in the custodial guide.", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, { "id": "ghawanima-well", "name": "Ghawanima Well", "arabicName": "بئر الغوانمة", "aliases": [ "Bir al-Ghawanima" ], "description": "A small circular well east of the Ghawanima Minaret, identified in the Awqaf inventory.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-well-ghawanima" ] }, { "id": "asbat-well", "name": "Asbat Minaret Well", "arabicName": "بئر مئذنة باب الأسباط", "aliases": [ "Bir al-Asbat" ], "description": "A well immediately south of the Asbat Minaret, separately identified by Awqaf.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-well-asbat" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "al-kas-fountain", "sabil-qaytbay", "sabil-suleiman", "qasim-pasha-sabil" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/cisterns-and-pools.webp", "width": 800, "height": 600, "creator": "Dr. Abdullah Marouf", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC.JPG", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC.JPG", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The Naranj Pool, one of the visible water-storage features; the Qasim Pasha Sabil is behind it.", "capturedAt": "2008-02-06 11:03:04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The Naranj Pool, one of the visible water-storage features; the Qasim Pasha Sabil is behind it." }, "imageAlt": "The Naranj Pool, one of the visible water-storage features; the Qasim Pasha Sabil is behind it.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-topography", "title": "تضاريس المسجد الأقصى المبارك", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · topography (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/content/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83", "locator": "Southern substructures and their relationship to the courtyard", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "awqaf-issa-cistern", "title": "صهريج عروة (صهريج الملك عيسى المعظم)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%B5%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-well-ghawanima", "title": "بئر الغوانمة", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A9", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-well-asbat", "title": "بئر مئذنة باب الأسباط", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-topography" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-topography", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "Distributed water structures are represented as a family in the list. No single pin or speculative underground network is presented as a survey. Individual wells beyond these named examples require their own surveyed catalogue." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "unlocated", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 34, "y": 45 }, "label": { "x": 34, "y": 45 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-topography" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-011" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-048", "slug": "islamic-museum", "canonicalName": "The Islamic Museum", "alternateNames": [ "Al-Aqsa Museum", "Museum of Al-Haram al-Sharif", "Moroccan Mosque", "Maghariba Mosque", "Women’s Mosque" ], "arabicName": "المتحف الإسلامي", "entityType": "heritage", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Architectural fragments, manuscripts and objects preserve the sanctuary’s material history.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The museum’s own partner account records its inauguration in 1922 and move to the southwestern corner in 1929. Its buildings contain earlier layers, including a medieval hall, the former Maghariba Mosque and the Fakhriyya area.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ] }, { "text": "The collections include architectural woodwork, metalwork, ceramics, textiles and manuscripts. Objects once installed in the sanctuary help connect a building’s changing appearance with surviving material evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ] }, { "text": "One catalogued example is a tile from an Ottoman Qur’anic inscription panel formerly on the Dome of the Rock. Such objects can be studied in the museum catalogue even when physical viewing arrangements are unknown.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum-tile" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Recorded inauguration", "value": "1922 CE", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Move to this site", "value": "1929 CE", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Collection focus", "value": "Material heritage of the sanctuary and Palestine", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "south", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Southwestern corner of the sanctuary" }, "features": [ { "id": "maghariba-mosque", "name": "Former Maghariba Mosque", "arabicName": "جامع المغاربة", "aliases": [ "Moroccan Mosque", "Al-Malikiya Mosque" ], "description": "A former mosque incorporated into the museum complex. The museum account identifies the hall as Ayyubid; it is a building component, not a second independent museum.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ] }, { "id": "womens-mosque", "name": "Former Women’s Mosque", "arabicName": "مسجد النساء", "aliases": [ "White Mosque", "Al-Aqsa Library" ], "description": "The historic hall west of Al-Qibli has been used for museum and library functions. Its historical name is retained to identify the building, without implying present gender-based access rules.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-qibli", "archnet-library" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "southern-madrasas", "fakhriyya-minaret", "qibli-mosque", "dome-of-the-rock" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/islamic-museum.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 572, "creator": "Gerd Eichmann", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Tempelberg-42-Al-Fakhriyya-Minarett-Museum-2010-gje.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Jerusalem-Tempelberg-42-Al-Fakhriyya-Minarett-Museum-2010-gje.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Courtyard beside the Islamic Museum, with stone capitals, the Fakhriyya Minaret at left and the Dome of Yusuf Agha at right.", "capturedAt": "2010-03-03 07:52:00", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Courtyard beside the Islamic Museum, with stone capitals, the Fakhriyya Minaret at left and the Dome of Yusuf Agha at right." }, "imageAlt": "Courtyard beside the Islamic Museum, with stone capitals, the Fakhriyya Minaret at left and the Dome of Yusuf Agha at right.", "sources": [ { "id": "mwnf-museum", "title": "Islamic Museum at Al-Aqsa Mosque", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers · museum partner record", "url": "https://www.museumwnf.org/partner.php?id=Mus01%3Bpa&theme=ISL&tye=museum", "locator": "Institutional history, buildings and collections", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "mwnf-museum-tile", "title": "Tile from ceramic inscription panel of the Dome of the Rock · Nazmi al-Ju’beh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://ceramics.museumwnf.org/database-item/mwnf3/objects/ISL/pa/Mus01/31/en/", "locator": "Object description and original owner", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "archnet-library", "title": "Al-Aqsa Library and Islamic Museum", "publisher": "Archnet · Jerusalem Revitalization Program", "url": "https://www.archnet.org/sites/5799?media_content_id=96241", "locator": "Conservation project account; historical building uses", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "awqaf-qibli", "title": "الجامع الأقصى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "mwnf-museum", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 27, "y": 81 }, "label": { "x": 27, "y": 81 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "mwnf-museum" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-024", "kb-030" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-049", "slug": "burhan-al-din-pulpit", "canonicalName": "Pulpit of Burhan al-Din", "alternateNames": [ "Summer Pulpit", "Minbar al-Sayf", "Burhanuddin Minbar" ], "arabicName": "منبر برهان الدين", "entityType": "heritage", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "An outdoor stone pulpit with steps, carved details and a domed canopy.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The minbar stands alongside the southern platform arcade. Its stair, elevated speaking position and canopy distinguish it from a mihrab, which marks the direction of prayer.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan" ] }, { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers leaves its original construction and patron unknown, while recording a fourteenth-century restoration supervised by Burhan al-Din ibn Jama‘a and another in 1843. These are restoration dates, not a secure founding date.", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Alternative name", "value": "Summer Pulpit", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Recorded restoration", "value": "Fourteenth century and 1843", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Original foundation", "value": "Uncertain", "sourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "raised-platform", "relation": "Raised platform beside the southern arcade" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "platform-arcades", "dome-of-yusuf", "qibli-mosque" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/burhan-al-din-pulpit.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 666, "creator": "Bukvoed", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-V2-2065.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Jerusalem-Temple-Mount-V2-2065.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The stone steps and canopy of the Burhan al-Din pulpit.", "capturedAt": "2023-01-11 14:35:20", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The stone steps and canopy of the Burhan al-Din pulpit." }, "imageAlt": "The stone steps and canopy of the Burhan al-Din pulpit.", "sources": [ { "id": "mwnf-burhan", "title": "Minbar of Burhan al-Din · Yusuf al-Natsheh", "publisher": "Museum With No Frontiers", "url": "https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monuments%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B32%3Ben", "locator": "Location; date; patron; description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "mwnf-burhan", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "The 2015 guide assigns an earlier single construction date. This page follows the specialist MWNF distinction between uncertain foundation and documented restoration." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 58, "y": 51 }, "label": { "x": 58, "y": 51 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "mwnf-burhan" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-016", "kb-031" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-050", "slug": "buraq-wall", "canonicalName": "Al-Buraq Wall", "alternateNames": [ "Western Wall", "HaKotel", "Al-Buraq Western Wall" ], "arabicName": "حائط البراق", "entityType": "heritage", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "The western retaining wall, sacred in Muslim and Jewish traditions and physically part of the enclosure’s boundary.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "Al-Buraq Wall forms part of the western retaining boundary. Muslim tradition associates its name with the Night Journey and al-Buraq. The Buraq prayer chamber on the inner side is a separate space.", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] }, { "text": "In Jewish tradition the Western Wall is a focus of prayer associated with the Temple. Its large lower stones and smaller upper courses reflect different building and repair periods, as described by the Western Wall Heritage Foundation.", "sourceIds": [ "western-wall-foundation" ] }, { "text": "The wall’s outward-facing prayer area lies outside the upper sanctuary courtyard. A boundary marker in this atlas identifies that physical relationship; it does not imply an internal route between the two sides.", "sourceIds": [ "western-wall-foundation" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Structure", "value": "Western retaining boundary", "sourceIds": [ "western-wall-foundation" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Arabic name", "value": "Hait al-Buraq", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Different space", "value": "Al-Buraq prayer hall inside the boundary", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-buraq-hall" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "west", "level": "boundary", "relation": "Outer face of the western retaining boundary" }, "relatedSlugs": [ "buraq-prayer-hall", "maghariba-gate", "tankiziyya-madrasa" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/buraq-wall.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 723, "creator": "Diego Delso", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muro_de_las_Lamentaciones,_Jerusal%C3%A9n2.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Muro_de_las_Lamentaciones%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9n2.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "The exposed Buraq / Western Wall seen from the plaza outside the precinct.", "capturedAt": "2011-09-28", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "The exposed Buraq / Western Wall seen from the plaza outside the precinct." }, "imageAlt": "The exposed Buraq / Western Wall seen from the plaza outside the precinct.", "sources": [ { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." }, { "id": "awqaf-buraq-hall", "title": "مصلى البراق", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "western-wall-foundation", "title": "What is The Western Wall in Jerusalem?", "publisher": "Western Wall Heritage Foundation", "url": "https://thekotel.org/en/wailing-wall-western-wall/", "locator": "Retaining wall, stone courses and Jewish prayer tradition", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13" } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-buraq-hall" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "Religious associations are attributed to their traditions. Institutional source terminology is preserved in citations without adopting political conclusions from those sources." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "located", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 20, "y": 68 }, "label": { "x": 20, "y": 68 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "passia-guide" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-027" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] }, { "id": "aqsa-051", "slug": "prayer-platforms", "canonicalName": "The Prayer Platforms", "alternateNames": [ "Mastabas", "Masatib", "Open-air prayer platforms", "Musa Platform", "Buraq Platform" ], "arabicName": "المصاطب", "entityType": "courtyards", "locale": "en", "shortDescription": "Low platforms and outdoor prayer niches give the open courtyards their own architectural detail.", "detailedDescription": [ { "text": "The masatib are smaller raised spaces within the courtyards. Some have a mihrab or stand beside a fountain; their names may refer to a neighboring dome, gate, patron or group of trees.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-pine", "awqaf-platform-buraq", "awqaf-platform-suleiman" ] }, { "text": "Their histories are individual. The Suleiman platform is linked with an Ottoman fountain, the Buraq platform with the nearby prayer chamber, and the Pine platform with its trees. They should not be mistaken for the much larger raised terrace of the Dome of the Rock.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-buraq", "awqaf-platform-suleiman", "awqaf-platform-pine" ] } ], "keyFacts": [ { "id": "fact-1", "label": "Arabic singular", "value": "Mastaba", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide" ] }, { "id": "fact-2", "label": "Typical detail", "value": "Outdoor mihrab", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-buraq" ] }, { "id": "fact-3", "label": "Range of dates", "value": "Different Ottoman and later phases", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-tin" ] } ], "spatial": { "area": "central", "level": "courtyard", "relation": "Across the open courtyards" }, "features": [ { "id": "musa-platform", "name": "Musa Platform", "arabicName": "مصطبة موسى", "aliases": [ "Mastabat Musa" ], "description": "The platform carrying the Dome of Musa, between Chain Gate and the Grammarians’ Dome.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-musa" ] }, { "id": "buraq-platform", "name": "Buraq / Abu Bakr Platform", "arabicName": "مصطبة البراق", "aliases": [ "Abu Bakr Platform" ], "description": "An Ottoman platform east of the Buraq prayer hall, near Maghariba Gate, with a stone mihrab.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-buraq" ] }, { "id": "suleiman-platform", "name": "Suleiman Platform", "arabicName": "مصطبة سبيل سليمان", "aliases": [ "Mastabat Sabil Suleiman" ], "description": "A platform southeast of Faisal Gate, dated by Awqaf to 1536. Its southern mihrab faces the fountain on the other side.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-suleiman" ] }, { "id": "pine-platform", "name": "Pine Platform", "arabicName": "مصطبة الصنوبر", "aliases": [ "Mastabat al-Sanawbar" ], "description": "North of the Dome of Yusuf Agha, this platform is named for the pines around it and has a mihrab built into a small wall.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-pine" ] }, { "id": "tin-platform", "name": "Al-Tin Platform", "arabicName": "مصطبة الطين", "aliases": [ "Clay Platform" ], "description": "West of the southwestern arcade and south of Sabil Qasim Pasha. Awqaf dates it to 1760 and records a stone mihrab.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-tin" ] }, { "id": "iron-platform", "name": "Iron Gate Platform", "arabicName": "مصطبة الحديد", "aliases": [ "Hadid Platform" ], "description": "A platform by the Iron Gate area, recorded by Awqaf as Ottoman and associated with an iron mihrab.", "sourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-iron" ] } ], "relatedSlugs": [ "platform-arcades", "dome-of-musa", "sabil-suleiman", "buraq-prayer-hall" ], "publicationStatus": "published", "image": { "src": "/images/explore-expanded/western-madrasas.webp", "width": 1000, "height": 666, "creator": "Diego Delso", "sourceUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Mount_buildings,_Jerusalem2.jpg", "originalUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Temple_Mount_buildings%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP for the web; cropped in cards. Original image license retained.", "caption": "Qaytbay fountain and its raised prayer platform, an example of the precinct’s open-air prayer areas.", "capturedAt": "2011-09-28", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-13", "kind": "photograph", "subject": "Qaytbay fountain and its raised prayer platform, an example of the precinct’s open-air prayer areas." }, "imageAlt": "Qaytbay fountain and its raised prayer platform, an example of the precinct’s open-air prayer areas.", "sources": [ { "id": "awqaf-platform-buraq", "title": "مَصطَبَةُ البراق (أبو بكر)", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-suleiman", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ سبيل سليمان", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-pine", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ الصنوبر", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-tin", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ الطين", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "awqaf-platform-iron", "title": "مِصطَبَةُ الحديد", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%85%D9%90%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%8F-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." }, { "id": "passia-guide", "title": "A Guide to Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (2015)", "publisher": "PASSIA · Jerusalem Awqaf · Hashemite Fund", "url": "https://passia.org/media/filer_public/5d/18/5d18192f-efb4-4d3d-abc5-08f7d2122576/aqsa-en-compressed.pdf", "kind": "reference", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "locator": "Printed pp. 54–65; map legend on PDF page 35", "note": "Custodial guide from an Islamic perspective. Used for the baseline inventory and schematic relative positions; its access descriptions are historical, not live advice." }, { "id": "awqaf-musa", "title": "قبة موسى", "publisher": "Jerusalem Awqaf · monument record (Arabic)", "url": "https://awqafalquds.org/ar/aqsa-landmark/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89", "locator": "Location, history, naming and architectural description", "kind": "heritage-record", "accessedAt": "2026-10-13", "note": "A custodial record. Religious associations are attributed; historical operating details are not current access information." } ], "provenance": { "status": "source-checked", "lastSourceCheck": "2026-10-13", "descriptionSourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-pine", "awqaf-platform-buraq", "awqaf-platform-suleiman" ], "nameSourceIds": [ "awqaf-platform-buraq", "passia-guide" ], "pendingFields": [ "content.ar.overview", "surveyedCoordinates" ], "notes": [ "Relative positions are illustrative; this is a heritage atlas, not a walking route or live access map.", "This distributed family is listed without a single geographical point. The named examples introduce the platform system rather than claim an exhaustive survey of every courtyard slab." ] }, "coordinates": null, "mapReference": { "status": "unlocated", "coordinateSystem": "sanctuary-schematic-v1", "point": { "x": 68, "y": 58 }, "label": { "x": 68, "y": 58 }, "accuracy": "illustrative", "sourceIds": [ "passia-guide", "awqaf-platform-buraq" ] }, "translationState": { "en": "published", "ar": "names-only" }, "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-012", "kb-016" ], "relatedQuestionIds": [], "timelineEventIds": [] } ], "topics": [ { "id": "kb-001", "slug": "what-is-al-aqsa", "title": "What is Al-Aqsa?", "category": "basics", "description": "Begin with the sanctuary, its main buildings, and the distinction that makes the rest of Al-Aqsa easier to understand.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Aqsa is the Muslim sanctuary in the southeastern part of the Old City of Al-Quds. In the broad usage followed here, Al-Aqsa Mosque means the whole enclosed compound: its covered prayer halls, domes, courtyards and other structures. Al-Qibli Mosque is the principal covered prayer hall within it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Opening description" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "whole-and-parts", "heading": "Start with the whole, then the buildings", "passages": [ { "text": "Think of the sanctuary as the larger place and its monuments as parts of that place. The Dome of the Rock occupies a raised platform. Al-Qibli Mosque stands farther south, beside the southern enclosure wall. Identifying either building does not identify the boundary of the whole sanctuary. A photograph dominated by one dome can therefore be a photograph of Al-Aqsa without showing all of it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 8–13" } ] } ] }, { "id": "name-in-context", "heading": "Why the name can seem inconsistent", "passages": [ { "text": "Archnet records both meanings of “al-Aqsa”: a name for the precinct and a more specific name for the congregational mosque at its southern edge. The custodial guide stresses the broader Islamic understanding. These are explanations of usage, not evidence that there are two unrelated sites. When reading a book or image caption, check whether its author means the compound or the southern building.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Opening description" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4, footnote" } ] } ] }, { "id": "several-kinds", "heading": "A place with several kinds of space", "passages": [ { "text": "The sanctuary includes more than monumental interiors. Its open areas contain smaller domes, water structures, platforms and arcades; gates connect it with the surrounding Old City. The guide also describes prayer spaces below the main courtyard level. This makes Al-Aqsa difficult to understand through a single exterior view or a list of only its two most recognizable buildings.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5; contents" } ] } ] }, { "id": "two-histories", "heading": "Sacred history and building history", "passages": [ { "text": "Muslim understanding of Al-Aqsa is rooted in scripture and religious tradition, including the Night Journey and the earlier direction of prayer. The surviving monuments also have documented construction and restoration histories. Those histories answer different questions: the date of a dome does not date the beginning of the site’s religious significance. Keeping the two kinds of evidence distinct makes both easier to read accurately.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra", "locator": "17:1" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla", "locator": "399" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "begin-learning", "heading": "A useful first sequence", "passages": [ { "text": "First identify the enclosure and its southern prayer hall. Then compare the two large domes, before looking at the smaller structures between and around them. The linked guides follow this sequence. Explore provides photographs and a schematic overview of the place collection, with filters for area and level; the topic pages explain the terms, periods and traditions needed to interpret them.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–13" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-004", "kb-002", "kb-003", "kb-025" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-002", "slug": "names-and-terminology", "title": "Al-Aqsa’s names, explained", "category": "basics", "description": "Al-Masjid al-Aqsa, Al-Haram al-Sharif, Al-Qibli and Qubbat al-Sakhra: how to read names without confusing the places.", "directAnswer": { "text": "A name may identify the sanctuary, a particular building, or the same place in a different language. Al-Masjid al-Aqsa is associated with the whole sanctuary and is also used for the southern mosque. Al-Qibli identifies that southern prayer hall; Qubbat al-Sakhra is the Arabic name of the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–13" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "al-aqsa", "heading": "Al-Masjid al-Aqsa", "passages": [ { "text": "The name appears in Qur’an 17:1 in the account of the Night Journey. English translations commonly render al-aqsa as “farthest.” That translation explains the wording but does not describe the size of a surviving building. In an architectural catalog, “Al-Aqsa Mosque” may instead be the heading under which the southern congregational building is discussed. The surrounding text determines the intended scope.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra", "locator": "17:1" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Opening description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "haram", "heading": "Al-Haram al-Sharif", "passages": [ { "text": "Al-Haram al-Sharif, commonly translated as the Noble Sanctuary, is another widely used name for the precinct. Archnet uses it as a location and as the name of the enclosure. The custodial guide uses the expression in its title while questioning its theological equivalence with the two harams of Mecca and Medina. A familiar geographical name should not automatically be treated as a claim that all religious legal categories are identical.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] }, { "text": "Temple Mount, or Har HaBayit, is the name used for this geographical site in Jewish historical and religious contexts. UNESCO explicitly places that name alongside Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram al-Sharif while attributing each to its religious context. Recognizing the different names helps readers see when sources discuss the same place without treating the traditions or their claims as interchangeable.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "unesco-multifaith-names" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "buildings", "heading": "The names of the two large buildings", "passages": [ { "text": "Al-Qibli refers to the southern prayer hall, also written al-Qibly and described as Jamiʿ al-Aqsa. The Dome of the Rock is Qubbat al-Sakhra. A translation, a transliteration and a descriptive nickname are not necessarily three monuments. The golden dome is a visual clue for the latter building; the gray or silver dome identifies the former in many photographs.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 8–13" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "read-carefully", "heading": "Read the noun as well as the name", "passages": [ { "text": "Bab means gate, qubba means dome, and sabil identifies a water-provision structure. This matters especially for al-Silsila: the Chain Gate and the Dome of the Chain are different landmarks. It also helps distinguish a gateway into the sanctuary from the freestanding arches around the raised platform. Search accepts alternate landmark names so that a change in spelling need not interrupt learning.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24, 32–35, 48–51" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-004", "aqsa-010" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-001", "kb-009", "kb-007" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-003", "slug": "boundaries-and-size", "title": "The compound: boundaries, size and levels", "category": "basics", "description": "Understand the enclosure, the approximately 144,000-square-metre area, and the difference between a sanctuary plan and a building footprint.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The 2015 custodial guide and a UNESCO-hosted institutional dossier both describe the enclosed Al-Aqsa compound as approximately 144 dunums, or 144,000 square metres (about 14.4 hectares). This approximate figure concerns the sanctuary, not the floor area of Al-Qibli Mosque or the Dome of the Rock. The compound lies in the southeastern corner of the Old City of Al-Quds.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" }, { "sourceId": "unesco-aqsa-dossier", "locator": "Site overview" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "area", "heading": "What the area includes", "passages": [ { "text": "The quoted approximate figure includes open ground as well as covered buildings. Converting it to hectares is useful for understanding scale, but does not turn an institutional description into a survey performed by this project. The number should travel with its definition: an article that places “144,000 square metres” beside a photograph of Al-Qibli alone can accidentally make a claim about the wrong object.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" }, { "sourceId": "unesco-aqsa-dossier", "locator": "Site overview" } ] } ] }, { "id": "different-measures", "heading": "Why other figures need context", "passages": [ { "text": "The Aga Khan restoration project record lists a size of 140,000 square metres. It describes a conservation project encompassing the Haram area, rather than publishing a boundary survey. We retain the custodial guide’s compound figure with attribution and do not average the two numbers. A project extent, a rounded site area and a measured building footprint are not automatically interchangeable quantities.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration", "locator": "Project size and description" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] } ] }, { "id": "levels", "heading": "More than one ground level", "passages": [ { "text": "The guide organizes the site into levels: underground infrastructure; subterranean spaces including the Marwani prayer hall and Ancient Aqsa corridors; the main courtyards and southern mosque; and the raised platform of the Dome of the Rock. This is an explanatory description of the site, not a promise that visitors can enter every level. A surface diagram necessarily leaves much of that vertical arrangement out.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] } ] }, { "id": "edges", "heading": "The edges are part of the architecture", "passages": [ { "text": "The western side connects the sanctuary with gateways, arcades, schools and the commercial fabric of the Old City. The Cotton Merchants’ Gate is a particularly clear example of a gate linked to a market. Looking only at buildings isolated in the center misses these relationships. Boundaries can be built, inhabited and architecturally elaborate as well as lines on a plan.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagram", "heading": "How to use the Explore diagram", "passages": [ { "text": "Use Explore to associate names with places and open their photographs. Its points are illustrative and neighboring points are grouped for readability; it does not provide surveyed coordinates, true distances or walking routes. The level filter distinguishes lower spaces, and distributed groups remain available in the list. For studying actual geometry, consult a documented architectural plan and its scale.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 66–67, overview and legend" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-013", "aqsa-014", "aqsa-035", "aqsa-043", "aqsa-047", "aqsa-050" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-001", "kb-012", "kb-016" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-004", "slug": "dome-of-the-rock-and-al-qibli", "title": "The golden dome and the southern mosque", "category": "basics", "description": "A clear comparison of the Dome of the Rock, Al-Qibli Mosque and the Al-Aqsa sanctuary that contains them both.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The Dome of the Rock and Al-Qibli Mosque are separate buildings within the Al-Aqsa sanctuary. The Dome of the Rock is the gold-domed, octagonal monument on the raised platform. Al-Qibli is the large covered congregational prayer hall on the southern side, recognizable by its gray dome.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 8–13" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "identify", "heading": "Identify the building below the dome", "passages": [ { "text": "Color is a useful first clue, but the building’s shape is more informative. The Dome of the Rock has an eight-sided exterior surrounding a central rock. Al-Qibli has a broad prayer hall organized into aisles, with a dome above the central approach to its southern prayer niche. Seeing the walls and surrounding ground helps prevent a cropped dome photograph from being mistaken for a complete view of the sanctuary.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–13" } ] } ] }, { "id": "function", "heading": "Related setting, different architectural plans", "passages": [ { "text": "The buildings belong to the same sacred enclosure, but their architectural arrangements differ. Al-Qibli’s aisled hall accommodates congregational prayer. The Dome of the Rock organizes its interior around the rock and a central domed space. It is misleading to describe the latter simply as the golden roof of the former: the two do not share a single building footprint.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–13" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dates", "heading": "They do not share one construction date", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Rock was built under the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and completed in 691–692. The southern mosque has an early Umayyad building history associated with Abd al-Malik and al-Walid, followed by major reconstructions. A date attached to one monument should not be transferred to the other or to every structure within the enclosure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "language", "heading": "Is the Dome of the Rock “Al-Aqsa”?", "passages": [ { "text": "It is part of Al-Aqsa when that name means the whole sanctuary. It is not the same building as the southern mosque when an author uses “Al-Aqsa Mosque” for that narrower architectural subject. A precise answer therefore starts by explaining the scope of the name. This is more useful than labeling every photograph of the golden dome as simply right or wrong.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Opening description" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4, footnote" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "heading": "Compare the two in Explore", "passages": [ { "text": "Open the two landmark records to compare their photographs and key facts. On the schematic, notice that the southern hall and raised platform are separate destinations. Then look at what lies between them, including Al-Kas Fountain and the open courtyard. The relationship between buildings and open space is the next step after learning to recognize the two domes.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–13, 54" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-006" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-005", "kb-006", "kb-001" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-005", "slug": "al-qibli-mosque", "title": "Al-Qibli Mosque: the southern prayer hall", "category": "architecture", "description": "Read the plan, changing fabric and layered history of Al-Aqsa’s principal covered congregational prayer hall.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Qibli Mosque is the covered congregational prayer hall along the southern side of Al-Aqsa. Its present building combines early Islamic foundations with successive rebuilding and restoration. It should be distinguished from the entire sanctuary, even though many architectural records call the building itself Al-Aqsa Mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "plan", "heading": "How the prayer hall is organized", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide describes a central aisle with three aisles to either side, making seven in the present arrangement. The main central approach leads toward the southern prayer niche beneath the dome. Columns and arches divide the interior without turning each aisle into a separate enclosed room. This arrangement helps explain why an exterior image of the dome alone gives little sense of the breadth of the hall.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–11" } ] } ] }, { "id": "umayyad", "heading": "Early patronage is not a single uncontested date", "passages": [ { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers gives the early monument a broad Umayyad range of 685–715 and names both Abd al-Malik and al-Walid as patrons, while warning that its stages remain debated. Archnet associates the beginning with Abd al-Malik and a major phase with his son; the custodial guide gives 706–714 for al-Walid’s campaign, and the Aga Khan restoration summary uses 711. These records support an Umayyad building process, not one uncontested completion year.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Date, patrons and description" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rebuilding", "heading": "A building repeatedly remade", "passages": [ { "text": "Earthquakes and rebuilding shaped the mosque after the Umayyad period. Archnet identifies Abbasid interventions and another major reconstruction under the Fatimids in the eleventh century. Later uses during Crusader rule and renewed Muslim use after Saladin also belong to the building’s history. Its age cannot be reduced to the age of every visible column, ceiling panel or outer surface.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conservation", "heading": "The dome as a conservation example", "passages": [ { "text": "The Aga Khan conservation record describes replacing an aluminum covering with lead and recovering painted decoration inside the dome. The project used fine distinguishable strokes in reconstructed painted areas. The surface preserves an old decorative scheme alongside identifiable modern repairs. Restoration is itself a documented chapter of the building’s history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration", "locator": "Conservation description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "look", "heading": "What to connect when looking", "passages": [ { "text": "Read the southern hall together with Al-Kas Fountain and the courtyard in front of it. Inside, connect the mihrab, central aisle and minbar rather than treating each as an isolated ornament. The landmark record below supplies the same photograph and introductory facts used by Explore; the linked history and conservation guides explain the different kinds of date encountered in its references.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–11, 54, 58–59" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-006" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-004", "kb-019", "kb-023", "kb-024" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-006", "slug": "dome-of-the-rock", "title": "Dome of the Rock: form, meaning and change", "category": "architecture", "description": "The octagonal monument, its Umayyad foundation, decoration and later layers of restoration.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The Dome of the Rock is the octagonal, gold-domed monument on Al-Aqsa’s raised platform. The Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned it, and its completion is dated to 691–692. Its central rock, architectural form and decoration have carried religious and political meanings across many periods.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "center", "heading": "A building arranged around a center", "passages": [ { "text": "Rather than beginning with the golden roof, begin with the ground plan. The eight-sided exterior surrounds a central rock and a domed interior. The raised platform gives the building an open setting within the wider sanctuary. That setting differs from the southern congregational hall: the two monuments have distinct forms even though both belong to Al-Aqsa.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "decoration", "heading": "A new monument using an existing artistic vocabulary", "passages": [ { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum places the building within the cultural exchanges of the early Islamic world. Its mosaics and architectural language draw on earlier artistic traditions while its inscriptions express an Islamic message. That combination is more informative than imagining the building either as a copy of an earlier monument or as a design disconnected from its region’s artists and materials.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surfaces", "heading": "The exterior is not one untouched Umayyad surface", "passages": [ { "text": "Ottoman work under Süleyman brought a major tile decoration campaign. A surviving tile in the Islamic Museum is dated 1817 and names the craftsman Mustafa Ali Effendi, documenting another later intervention. An individual tile can therefore carry evidence of a particular restoration phase, even when the building’s original commission belongs to the seventh century.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile", "locator": "Date, inscription and provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tradition", "heading": "The rock and the Ascension tradition", "passages": [ { "text": "Muslim tradition connects the rock with the Prophet Muhammad’s Ascension. The custodial guide itself distinguishes that association from what is established by a specific prophetic report about the precise spot. Qur’an 17:1 names the destination of the Night Journey but does not name this later building. Religious significance and the date of the present architecture should not be collapsed into one claim.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13, notes" }, { "sourceId": "quran-isra", "locator": "17:1" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence", "heading": "What different records can tell you", "passages": [ { "text": "A building inscription, a museum object and a religious narrative answer different questions. The construction date locates the monument within Umayyad patronage. A conserved tile traces the work of a later craftsperson. A tradition explains why a place matters to believers. Read these records together, but keep their evidential limits visible: neither a devotional association nor a renewed surface alone establishes the date of an entire structure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-004" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-004", "kb-015", "kb-018", "kb-027" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-007", "slug": "dome-of-the-chain", "title": "Dome of the Chain: a small building with open questions", "category": "architecture", "description": "Read its open form, its relationship to the Dome of the Rock, and the limits of explanations for its original purpose.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The Dome of the Chain is an open, column-supported structure east of the Dome of the Rock. It is associated with Umayyad patronage and has undergone later restoration. Its original purpose is uncertain: proposed explanations should be presented as interpretations, not as an established function.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" }, { "sourceId": "madain-chain-dome" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "open-form", "heading": "Read the open form first", "passages": [ { "text": "The guide describes an outer ring of eleven columns and a dome supported above an inner, six-sided arrangement. Its openness is a defining characteristic: there is no continuous enclosed outer wall comparable to the Dome of the Rock. Look at the relationships among columns, arches and roof, rather than assuming that every small dome must be a miniature enclosed mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] } ] }, { "id": "theories", "heading": "Why the original function remains a question", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide discusses proposals that the building was a prototype for the Dome of the Rock, a treasury, or a place used by the larger building’s workers. It does not establish one of these as certain. Its objection to the treasury interpretation is the difficulty of securing an open building. Such reasoning is an argument about plausibility, not direct evidence of what happened inside.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prototype", "heading": "A resemblance is not proof of a prototype", "passages": [ { "text": "Standing beside the larger Dome of the Rock invites comparison. Both have a central dome and a surrounding arrangement of supports, but their plans and enclosures differ. To establish that one was a construction model for the other would require more than visual similarity. The useful conclusion for a first visit is that they are neighboring, related monuments whose original functional relationship is still debated.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" }, { "sourceId": "madain-chain-dome" } ] } ] }, { "id": "later-work", "heading": "Later surfaces belong to the story", "passages": [ { "text": "The guide records Ottoman tile work under Süleyman and a restoration carried out by the Islamic Waqf and TIKA in 2012. A visible decorative surface may therefore represent a much later phase than the original structure. This is why an origin label such as “Umayyad” should not imply that every tile or finish visible in a modern photograph is original.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] } ] }, { "id": "different-chain", "heading": "A dome, a gate and a useful distinction", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Chain is separate from the Chain Gate in the western boundary. Their common translated name can produce misleading search results or captions. In a name such as Qubbat al-Silsila, qubba identifies the dome; in Bab al-Silsila, bab identifies the gate. Follow the monument links to compare the two architectural types and their positions within the sanctuary.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24, 48–51" }, { "sourceId": "chain-gate-reference" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-004", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-010" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-006", "kb-008", "kb-009" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-008", "slug": "smaller-domes", "title": "Reading Al-Aqsa’s smaller domes", "category": "architecture", "description": "Learn to distinguish the Ascension, Prophet and Yusuf domes, and to separate commemorative names from construction dates.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Aqsa’s smaller domes differ in plan, enclosure, date and association. A dome’s name may commemorate a religious tradition or historical patron without dating the building. The Ascension, Prophet and Yusuf domes are useful examples of why each monument needs its own identity and source record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–29" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "ascension", "heading": "Dome of the Ascension", "passages": [ { "text": "The small octagonal building has a crown-like feature above its roof. The custodial guide leaves the original founder and exact construction year unknown, while recording work around 1200. Museum With No Frontiers identifies an Ayyubid mihrab and a complex earlier site history; the existing landmark reference discusses a dedication around 1200–01. These sources support an Ayyubid intervention, not an uncontested founding date for the present structure or a date for the event it commemorates.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ascension", "locator": "Date and description" }, { "sourceId": "madain-ascension" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prophet", "heading": "Dome of the Prophet", "passages": [ { "text": "An open canopy on eight marble columns stands northwest of the Dome of the Rock. The guide describes an Ottoman prayer niche followed by the addition of a dome. Its name relates to the tradition of the Prophet leading other prophets in prayer. That religious association should be stated as tradition, while the niche and canopy retain their separate architectural histories.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" }, { "sourceId": "madain-prophet" } ] } ] }, { "id": "yusuf", "heading": "Dome of Yusuf", "passages": [ { "text": "The partly open Dome of Yusuf stands to the south of the Dome of the Rock. Its inscriptions are associated with different periods, including Saladin’s name and later Ottoman work. An inscription may commemorate an earlier ruler or be reused in a later structure. For that reason, a page should identify what the inscription dates before using it to assign a single founding year to the monument.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "yusuf-reference" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 26–29" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identity", "heading": "Yusuf and Yusuf Agha are not interchangeable", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of Yusuf Agha is another structure, farther south in the sanctuary. The addition of a title or a second part of a name can identify a different monument rather than an alternate spelling. When matching a photograph to a text, check the location and form as well as the name. The same method also prevents confusing the Dome of the Ascension with the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "yusuf-reference" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 26–29" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "heading": "Three questions for comparing small monuments", "passages": [ { "text": "Ask whether the sides are open or enclosed, what evidence supports the stated date, and whether the name describes form, patronage or commemoration. These questions are more reliable than sorting every dome by appearance alone. The linked Explore records retain separate photographs, names and provenance, making it possible to compare the monuments without turning uncertain origins into a single uniform chronology.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–29" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-012", "aqsa-016", "aqsa-017", "aqsa-018", "aqsa-019", "aqsa-020", "aqsa-021" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-007", "kb-027", "kb-031" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-009", "slug": "gates-of-al-aqsa", "title": "The gates: names, numbers and connections", "category": "architecture", "description": "Understand the sanctuary’s perimeter gates, the familiar count of fifteen, and why an architectural inventory is not live access advice.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The 2015 custodial guide counts fifteen gates leading to Al-Aqsa, describing ten as open and five as closed at the time. That is a historical inventory, not a statement of today’s entry conditions. Perimeter gates must also be distinguished from the freestanding arched entrances to the raised platform.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 32–35, 46–53" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "count", "heading": "What is being counted?", "passages": [ { "text": "A total only makes sense when its scope is clear. A double gateway can have two named portals; a long-closed historic opening may still be included in an architectural inventory. The guide’s fifteen is the count used here, with its source and date attached. Do not infer that fifteen entrances are available to visitors, or combine this count with the platform’s decorative arches.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 46–53" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cotton", "heading": "The Cotton Merchants’ Gate", "passages": [ { "text": "Bab al-Qattanin links the western side of the sanctuary to the Cotton Merchants’ Market. The Ministry of Tourism account places the market’s rebuilding under Emir Tankiz in 1336. It is important to keep that date attached to the market complex described by the source, rather than silently treating it as the first construction date of every element of the gateway.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chain", "heading": "The Chain Gate and its neighboring portal", "passages": [ { "text": "The Chain Gate forms part of a double gateway with the Tranquility Gate. Its associations also include the nearby court, reflected in the name Bab al-Mahkama. These overlapping names show how a gateway can be described by a traditional name, a paired portal or a neighboring institution. It is nevertheless a different structure from the Dome of the Chain on the raised platform.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "chain-gate-reference" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 48–51" } ] } ] }, { "id": "city", "heading": "A gate belongs to both sides of the boundary", "passages": [ { "text": "A useful way to study the western gateways is to look at what they connect: an open courtyard on one side and streets, markets or institutional buildings on the other. Al-Ashrafiyya, for example, lies along the western edge between the Chain and Cotton Merchants’ gates. Gates help explain how the sanctuary relates to the Old City rather than existing as an isolated group of monuments.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "heading": "Keep the architectural record separate from access", "passages": [ { "text": "The guide’s open-and-closed classification dates to 2015. It should not be reused as a current timetable, eligibility rule or recommended route. Learn identifies places and explains historical relationships; its gate entries do not confirm that a particular doorway can be used on a particular day. Consult current instructions from the authorities responsible for access when planning an actual visit.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 46–53; publication date" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010", "aqsa-003", "aqsa-034", "aqsa-035", "aqsa-036", "aqsa-037", "aqsa-038", "aqsa-039", "aqsa-040", "aqsa-041", "aqsa-042", "aqsa-043", "aqsa-044" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-002", "kb-012", "kb-029" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-010", "slug": "minarets", "title": "Al-Aqsa’s four minarets", "category": "architecture", "description": "Recognize the sanctuary’s minarets, their different profiles, and an unresolved conflict in the published date of Ghawanima.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The custodial guide identifies four minarets: Ghawanima, the Tribes Gate or Asbat minaret, the Moroccan Gate or Fakhriyya minaret, and the Chain Gate minaret. They belong to the perimeter architecture. Their present forms reflect different building and repair phases rather than a single uniform construction campaign.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "tower", "heading": "A minaret is not simply another small dome", "passages": [ { "text": "The useful visual distinction is the tower. A minaret rises vertically above the surrounding buildings and incorporates upper stages or a balcony. The smaller courtyard domes organize relatively low spaces beneath a roof. A minaret may itself have a domed top, but that does not make the tower equivalent to the freestanding domed pavilions around the raised platform.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–31" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ghawanima", "heading": "Ghawanima and a source conflict", "passages": [ { "text": "The existing Explore source, Madain Project, dates Ghawanima Minaret to 1297–98 under Sultan Lajin. The 2015 custodial guide instead prints 1278 while also associating the building with Lajin. These dates cannot both identify the same construction campaign. We retain the source attribution and flag the discrepancy rather than combining them into a spurious range or claiming that the earlier date has been verified.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 30" } ] } ] }, { "id": "profiles", "heading": "Different silhouettes", "passages": [ { "text": "Ghawanima is recognizable as a staged stone tower near the northwestern corner. The guide describes the Asbat minaret’s cylindrical form as the result of Ottoman rebuilding, while the Chain Gate minaret has a square form. Comparing these profiles is a better first exercise than assuming that every minaret shares the same period because the towers serve a related function.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "heading": "Gate names can also name towers", "passages": [ { "text": "The naming of a minaret after a nearby gate can make a search result ambiguous. A photograph labeled Bab al-Silsila may concern the gateway, the tower above its vicinity, or the area around it. Read the complete label and inspect the building type. The same care is needed for Ghawanima, where the gate and minaret are related landmarks but are not the same architectural element.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31, 46–51" } ] } ] }, { "id": "review", "heading": "What remains to be verified", "passages": [ { "text": "A full chronology would compare building inscriptions, published architectural surveys and conservation records for each tower. A guidebook is a useful overview, but a contradictory date should trigger that comparison. Explore now has an individual record for each of the four minarets, with a photograph, source references and qualified dates. The unresolved details are recorded there rather than hidden behind a single founding year.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31" }, { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011", "aqsa-010", "aqsa-024", "aqsa-025", "aqsa-026", "aqsa-038" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-021", "kb-031" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-011", "slug": "water-and-fountains", "title": "Water, fountains and ablution", "category": "architecture", "description": "Distinguish a sabil, an ablution fountain and the water infrastructure beneath the sanctuary.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Water structures at Al-Aqsa include fountains for providing water, facilities associated with ablution, and cisterns and channels below ground. Al-Kas and Sabil Qaytbay are two recognizable examples, but they are different architectural forms with different histories. A decorative fountain record does not establish the present safety or availability of its water.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 54–57" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "kas", "heading": "Al-Kas: the bowl-shaped fountain", "passages": [ { "text": "Al-Kas stands in front of the southern prayer hall. Its name refers to a cup or bowl, matching the round basin visible in photographs. Its association is with ablution before prayer. The taps, seats and surrounding arrangements seen in modern images belong to a structure that has changed over time, so the date of an early fountain should not automatically be assigned to every visible fitting.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-kas" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 54" } ] } ] }, { "id": "qaytbay", "heading": "Sabil Qaytbay: provision and patronage", "passages": [ { "text": "The Museum With No Frontiers record identifies an earlier fountain associated with Sultan Inal, a major renewal by Qaytbay in 1482, and Ottoman renovation in 1882–83. It connects the sabil with the neighboring Ashrafiyya madrasa. The record therefore describes continuity of water provision through successive patrons, not a monument whose entire fabric belongs to a single date.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay", "locator": "Patrons and dating" } ] } ] }, { "id": "network", "heading": "The visible fountain is only part of the system", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide places wells and water channels below the sanctuary’s main level. The visible fountains are part of this larger water system. A fountain’s architectural finish, the source of its water and the pipes serving it are separate subjects. A surface photograph cannot establish the route or age of the infrastructure underneath.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 54–57" } ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguish", "heading": "Drinking and washing are different uses", "passages": [ { "text": "Sabil is used for a structure that makes water available, while an ablution facility is associated with washing before prayer. These functions can be related within a sanctuary but should not be assumed to be identical for every basin. Learn retains the function stated by each source. It does not label historic taps as drinking-water points or publish operating claims from old guidebooks.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" }, { "sourceId": "madain-kas" } ] } ] }, { "id": "look", "heading": "What to notice in the two examples", "passages": [ { "text": "Compare Al-Kas’s open circular basin with the compact, domed architecture of Qaytbay’s sabil. Then consider their settings: one before the main southern hall, the other near a major educational foundation along the western side. Water buildings help explain everyday religious and social use of the sanctuary alongside its monumental architecture.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-kas" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-006", "aqsa-041", "aqsa-045", "aqsa-046", "aqsa-047" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-014", "kb-016", "kb-029" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-012", "slug": "courtyards-and-arcades", "title": "Courtyards, platforms and arcades", "category": "architecture", "description": "Read the open spaces and connecting structures that give the sanctuary its shape.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The sanctuary’s courtyards are part of Al-Aqsa, not merely empty space around its buildings. The raised platform of the Dome of the Rock, freestanding arched approaches, shaded porticoes and smaller platforms organize the open ground in different ways. Each should be distinguished from an entrance through the outer boundary.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 32–35, 44–45, 64–65" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "open-ground", "heading": "The open ground belongs to the sanctuary", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide explicitly includes courtyards and platforms within its definition of Al-Aqsa Mosque. This corrects a common visual assumption: that only roofed structures count as the religious site. The courtyards connect buildings physically, and the guide describes platforms associated with prayer and teaching. Open space therefore has an architectural and religious role even when it lacks a monumental enclosure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 64–65" } ] } ] }, { "id": "raised", "heading": "The raised platform", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Rock occupies a higher platform within the enclosure. Freestanding arcades mark approaches to it. These are not the same as the gates through the sanctuary walls: crossing an arcade changes one’s position within the site rather than necessarily entering from the Old City. This distinction is particularly helpful when a guide translates both types of structure as a “gate.”", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13, 32–35" } ] } ] }, { "id": "porticoes", "heading": "Porticoes at the edges", "passages": [ { "text": "A portico is a covered passage supported by columns or piers, with an open side. The western arcade can be read through its repeated stone arches and the shaded passage behind them. The photograph in Explore is evidence of that visible form. It does not, by itself, date the whole corridor or prove that every bay belongs to the same building campaign.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "commons-portico" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 44–45" } ] } ] }, { "id": "edge-and-center", "heading": "Reading the center together with the edge", "passages": [ { "text": "The freestanding monuments on the raised platform and the architecture along the perimeter create different spatial experiences. At the western edge, schools and gateways connect closely with the surrounding city. In the open center, domes are more easily seen from several sides. Comparing those settings helps explain the sanctuary as a connected environment rather than a set of isolated postcard subjects.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–29, 44–45" } ] } ] }, { "id": "observation", "heading": "An observation exercise", "passages": [ { "text": "Choose one arcade and identify the supports, the curve of each arch, the covered passage and the space beyond it. Then compare it with a freestanding platform arcade. Record what the photograph actually shows before adding a historical date or a claim about use. This simple separation of observation from interpretation is especially valuable for structures whose detailed construction histories are still under study.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "commons-portico" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 32–35, 44–45" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-027", "aqsa-033", "aqsa-051" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-009", "kb-013" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-013", "slug": "madrasas-and-learning", "title": "Madrasas and the architecture of learning", "category": "architecture", "description": "How educational foundations relate to the sanctuary, its edges and the wider intellectual life of Al-Quds.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Madrasas are educational institutions whose buildings form an important part of Al-Aqsa’s surrounding architecture. The western and northern edges of the sanctuary include historic schools and related structures. Mamluk patronage was especially important in developing Al-Quds as a place of scholarship and religious learning.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 36–43" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "institution", "heading": "A madrasa is more than a decorated doorway", "passages": [ { "text": "A gateway or inscription may be the most conspicuous part of a historic school, but the institution can include teaching spaces, rooms for residence and areas for prayer. The Ashrafiyya record, for example, describes a complex with multiple functions. Calling a madrasa simply a mosque loses that educational and residential dimension; calling it a modern school can also imply arrangements that the source does not establish.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] } ] }, { "id": "patronage", "heading": "Why patrons built schools", "passages": [ { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers describes Mamluk Al-Quds as a center attracting pilgrims, scholars and intellectual exchange. Endowments helped support the institutions that made this possible. Building patronage involved more than erecting a facade: it connected architecture with continuing religious and educational purposes. The name of a founder can therefore be a clue to an institution’s history, rather than merely an ornamental label.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-mamluks" } ] } ] }, { "id": "boundary", "heading": "The sanctuary’s boundary as a place of learning", "passages": [ { "text": "Many of these structures are associated with the edges of the sanctuary. The museum account notes that Ashrafiyya is unusual in projecting into the Haram rather than simply standing along its border. This distinction is worth noticing because an institution can be closely associated with Al-Aqsa without every part of its building occupying the same position relative to the enclosure wall.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence", "heading": "Buildings, documents and movable objects", "passages": [ { "text": "A school’s history can be traced through more than its surviving walls. The Ashrafiyya entry uses a building inscription, a waqf document and historical records to establish its date. An engraved copper door panel from the madrasa is separately cataloged in the Islamic Museum. Together, the building and object records show how evidence can become distributed between a site and a collection.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "How monument was dated" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] } ] }, { "id": "learning-today", "heading": "Do not infer current services from historical function", "passages": [ { "text": "The fact that a structure was founded as a madrasa does not establish that it currently offers public classes or visitor access. Archival project descriptions may record later uses at a particular moment. Here, the educational history is the subject; current enrollment, institutional operations and opening information are outside the scope of these source records. Read dates on both buildings and modern project accounts.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-library" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-017", "aqsa-021", "aqsa-022", "aqsa-023", "aqsa-028", "aqsa-029", "aqsa-030", "aqsa-031", "aqsa-032", "aqsa-033", "aqsa-039" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-014", "kb-021", "kb-030" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-014", "slug": "madrasa-al-ashrafiyya", "title": "Al-Ashrafiyya: a Mamluk educational foundation", "category": "architecture", "description": "Study Qaytbay’s madrasa through its entrance, plan, inscription and surviving museum objects.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya stands along the western side of Al-Aqsa, between the Chain and Cotton Merchants’ gates. Museum With No Frontiers dates Qaytbay’s rebuilding to 1482. The complex illustrates how educational patronage, architectural display and the sanctuary’s perimeter developed together.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "patrons", "heading": "Founding and rebuilding are different events", "passages": [ { "text": "The museum record distinguishes an earlier foundation associated with Sultan Khashqadam from Qaytbay’s later intervention. Qaytbay ordered a rebuilding after seeing the earlier school. This is why a building can have more than one patron associated with its origins. A short label giving only the date 1482 is useful, but the fuller record explains the sequence behind it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "Patrons" } ] } ] }, { "id": "entrance", "heading": "An entrance worth reading closely", "passages": [ { "text": "The entrance combines contrasting stone colors, carved surfaces and a vaulted transition into the building. Look at how the decoration is concentrated around the threshold rather than spread evenly over an anonymous wall. The name and titles of the patron occur in inscriptions. These are architectural evidence as well as designed surfaces, linking the visible doorway to the historical person who sponsored the work.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "Description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "plan", "heading": "A complex with several levels and functions", "passages": [ { "text": "The record describes two levels, including halls and an upper arrangement of four iwans around a central court. It also notes earthquake damage in 1927, particularly to the upper storey. A surviving ground plan can reveal an earlier spatial arrangement even where the complete elevation no longer survives. Reading a plan and looking at a current photograph are therefore complementary exercises.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "Description and short description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water", "heading": "The relationship with Qaytbay’s sabil", "passages": [ { "text": "The nearby fountain is also associated with Qaytbay’s patronage. Its museum record suggests that the same group of designers and builders may have worked on the madrasa and sabil, but presents that as a probability rather than a documented roster of named craftspeople. The relationship between the two monuments is clear; the identity of every person who made them is less certain.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay", "locator": "Architects and patrons" } ] } ] }, { "id": "object", "heading": "Following an object out of the building", "passages": [ { "text": "A copper door panel associated with Ashrafiyya entered the Islamic Museum in 1928. The object record preserves its material, inscription and acquisition history, while leaving its exact production location uncertain. This is a useful example of responsible attribution: an object’s building of origin may be known more securely than the workshop in which it was made. The museum and architectural records should be read together.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel", "locator": "Date, acquisition and provenance" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010", "aqsa-028" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-011", "kb-021", "kb-030" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-015", "slug": "materials-and-decoration", "title": "Materials, decoration and inscriptions", "category": "architecture", "description": "A closer way to look at stone, mosaics, tiles, woodwork and the evidence carried by inscriptions.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Aqsa’s decoration includes stone carving, mosaics, ceramic tiles, woodwork and inscriptions from different periods. These materials should not be treated as one unchanged decorative scheme. Individual surfaces and objects can preserve evidence of original work, replacement, restoration or movement into a museum collection.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "mosaic-tile", "heading": "Mosaic and tile are not interchangeable terms", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Rock is associated with early mosaic decoration and later tile campaigns. Mosaic is assembled from small pieces; the cataloged 1817 ceramic tile is a fired-clay object with underglaze decoration. The difference matters when describing a photograph or a restoration: replacing an exterior surface with tiles is not simply repainting the same material.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile", "locator": "Material and description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wood", "heading": "Wood can be both structure and intricate design", "passages": [ { "text": "The surviving fragments of Nur al-Din’s minbar show interlocking timber, inlay and patterned panels. Their museum record also identifies inscriptions naming patrons and craftspeople. The pulpit’s geometry is not detached from its construction: the arrangement of small components helps create the larger patterned surface. The surviving fragments allow parts of that craftsmanship to be studied even after the loss of the complete original.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stone", "heading": "Read stone at more than one distance", "passages": [ { "text": "At Ashrafiyya, contrasting stone colors organize the entrance, while closer inspection reveals carved detail and inscriptions. The western portico offers a different exercise in repeated arches and supports. A close-up can show texture and carving but lose the overall arrangement; a distant photograph can show the arrangement while concealing the workmanship. Both scales of observation have value.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "commons-portico" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inscription", "heading": "An inscription needs a careful question", "passages": [ { "text": "An inscription might identify a patron, a craftsperson, a date or a religious text. The 1817 tile names Mustafa Ali Effendi and supplies a date for that object. It does not date the original Dome of the Rock. Similarly, the minbar fragments carry evidence about their own commission and manufacture. Always ask what event or object an inscription actually records before extending its date to a whole building.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repair", "heading": "Restoration can be visible without being a failure", "passages": [ { "text": "The Aga Khan account of Al-Qibli’s conservation describes distinguishable reconstructed areas in its dome paintings. Such treatment makes the intervention legible rather than pretending that every surviving surface is untouched. When viewing historic interiors, the useful question is not simply “Is this old?” but which parts survive, which have been renewed, and what documentation explains the decision.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-003", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-027" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-006", "kb-023", "kb-024", "kb-031" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-016", "slug": "prayer-spaces", "title": "Prayer halls, niches and open prayer spaces", "category": "architecture", "description": "Understand Al-Qibli, the Marwani prayer hall, mihrabs, minbars and the sanctuary’s open ground.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Qibli is Al-Aqsa’s principal covered congregational prayer hall, but it is not the sanctuary’s only prayer space. The custodial guide includes other covered and lower-level spaces as well as open courtyards and platforms. Building names, religious use and current access are separate questions.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 8–23, 64–65" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "hall", "heading": "The southern hall", "passages": [ { "text": "Al-Qibli’s present interior is organized into a broad arrangement of aisles leading toward the southern prayer wall. Its mihrab and minbar have different functions: the niche indicates the prayer direction, while the pulpit is associated with the sermon. A photograph showing both should not identify either object simply as an altar. The architectural vocabulary helps make the space’s arrangement intelligible.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–11, 58–59" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lower", "heading": "Spaces below the main courtyard", "passages": [ { "text": "The guide identifies the Marwani prayer hall in the southeastern part of the site and the Ancient Aqsa corridors below the southern mosque. These are distinct lower-level spaces, not alternative names for the Dome of the Rock. Their existence is one reason a flat overview cannot adequately explain the full sanctuary. A complete description needs to indicate level as well as relative position.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 16–23" } ] } ] }, { "id": "open", "heading": "Open space is not outside the mosque by definition", "passages": [ { "text": "In the broad Islamic understanding presented by the custodial guide, the entire enclosure is Al-Aqsa Mosque. The open courtyards therefore do not become unrelated ground merely because they are unroofed. The guide also describes raised platforms used for prayer and teaching. This should be understood as a description of the sanctuary’s religious and architectural organization, not a current allocation chart for worshippers.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 64–65" } ] } ] }, { "id": "niches", "heading": "A niche can carry several kinds of association", "passages": [ { "text": "Some niches have commemorative names linking them to prophetic traditions. The guide explicitly cautions that a particular association, such as the named niche of Zechariah, is not supported by firm evidence identifying the exact place. A respectful account can explain the tradition without presenting it as a demonstrated archaeological location. Naming, belief and physical dating must remain distinct fields of inquiry.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 11" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "heading": "Historical descriptions do not allocate today’s prayer space", "passages": [ { "text": "A guide may describe a room’s function at the time it was written, while conservation records document earlier changes of use. Neither necessarily tells a visitor which areas are open now. Learn explains the types of spaces and their history. For an actual visit, follow current on-site guidance concerning entry, worship and the use of particular rooms.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 16–23; publication date" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-library" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-006", "aqsa-013", "aqsa-014", "aqsa-015", "aqsa-034", "aqsa-049", "aqsa-051" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-005", "kb-012", "kb-026", "kb-029" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-017", "slug": "early-islamic-jerusalem", "title": "Al-Aqsa and early Islamic Al-Quds", "category": "history", "description": "Place the early Muslim sanctuary within the longer sacred history of Al-Quds, without confusing traditions of origin with surviving buildings.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The Islamic history of Al-Aqsa did not begin with the golden dome. Muslim tradition connects the sanctuary with the Night Journey and the first qibla; later historical accounts associate an early southern place of prayer with Caliph Umar. The present monumental fabric belongs to later Umayyad and subsequent building phases.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 3–8" }, { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Description and dating" }, { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "older-site", "heading": "A site with an earlier sacred history", "passages": [ { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum situates the Dome of the Rock on the site associated with Solomon’s and Herod’s temples. This earlier setting matters for understanding why Al-Quds held importance to more than one religious community. An account focused on Islamic buildings should not imply that the site first acquired a history when those buildings were commissioned, or erase the significance that other traditions attach to it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "umar", "heading": "The account of Umar’s place of prayer", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide and the Museum With No Frontiers record both transmit the association of Umar with an early, simple place of prayer on the southern side. They do not establish that this was the present hall: the museum record dates the monument broadly to 685–715, names later Umayyad patrons, and describes repeated rebuilding. The Umar account is therefore presented as a historical tradition about an earlier prayer space, not as a surviving-building date.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Description, date and patrons" } ] } ] }, { "id": "religion", "heading": "Religious references are earlier than the surviving domes", "passages": [ { "text": "Qur’an 17:1 refers to al-Masjid al-Aqsa in the Night Journey narrative. The hadith about the earlier prayer direction also concerns the Prophet’s lifetime. Neither should be interpreted as a description of Abd al-Malik’s later octagonal monument or of every part of the present southern hall. The sacred place and the successive buildings occupying it have related but different timelines.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "monumental", "heading": "From early prayer space to monumental patronage", "passages": [ { "text": "Under the Umayyads, Al-Quds received major architectural investment. The Dome of the Rock and the early development of the southern mosque are associated with Abd al-Malik and al-Walid. These projects belong to a wider period of experimentation and adaptation in Islamic architecture. They should be read as a building phase within the site’s history, rather than the sole beginning of that history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "questions", "heading": "Ask which kind of beginning is intended", "passages": [ { "text": "“Who built Al-Aqsa?” can mean who first established the sacred place in religious tradition, who created an early Muslim prayer building, or who commissioned a surviving monument. Those are not interchangeable questions. The builder and date depend on which structure or tradition is meant; the surviving sources do not always identify either.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-018", "kb-025", "kb-028" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-018", "slug": "umayyad-building", "title": "The Umayyad building programme", "category": "history", "description": "Abd al-Malik, al-Walid and the development of Al-Aqsa’s best-known monuments.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Umayyad patronage was decisive in shaping Al-Aqsa’s monumental architecture. Abd al-Malik commissioned the Dome of the Rock, completed in 691–692. The early construction of the southern congregational mosque is associated with him and with a major phase under his son al-Walid.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "period", "heading": "Put the period before the individual dates", "passages": [ { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum dates the Umayyad dynasty to 661–750 and describes it as a formative period in Islamic art. Its patrons worked in a region with established artistic traditions, materials and skilled craftspeople. The new Islamic monuments combined their religious purpose with architectural and decorative techniques used in earlier regional buildings.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" } ] } ] }, { "id": "abd-malik", "heading": "Abd al-Malik and the Dome of the Rock", "passages": [ { "text": "The dome’s commission belongs to Abd al-Malik’s reign, a period the Metropolitan Museum associates with wider efforts to consolidate the caliphate. His patronage is therefore both a building fact and part of a larger political history. The reasons behind a monumental commission can be interpreted in several ways; identifying the patron does not prove that one proposed motive fully explains the building.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-abd-malik" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "walid", "heading": "Al-Walid and the southern hall", "passages": [ { "text": "The southern mosque’s early development is less easily condensed into one year. Archnet credits Abd al-Malik with a beginning and al-Walid with a major building phase. The custodial guide’s account also preserves both names. The responsible short description is “early Umayyad construction, with major work under al-Walid,” followed by the source-specific dates, rather than a false claim of universal agreement on an inauguration day.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chain", "heading": "The smaller monument beside the rock", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Chain is also associated with Umayyad patronage. Its position next to the Dome of the Rock invites discussion of their relationship, but the small building’s original function remains uncertain. A shared period and nearby position do not establish that one building was a scale model of the other. Historical association and functional explanation require different levels of evidence.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" }, { "sourceId": "madain-chain-dome" } ] } ] }, { "id": "survival", "heading": "What an Umayyad label does and does not mean", "passages": [ { "text": "Calling a monument Umayyad identifies an important origin or phase. It does not make every roof covering, window, tile or painted surface a seventh- or eighth-century survival. Later rulers repaired and altered both major buildings. To understand the current appearance, follow the history forward through the Abbasid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, Ottoman and modern conservation records.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-004" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-006", "kb-019", "kb-022" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-019", "slug": "abbasid-fatimid-rebuilding", "title": "Abbasid and Fatimid rebuilding", "category": "history", "description": "Why the early history of Al-Qibli cannot be read as a single building surviving untouched.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The southern mosque underwent major reconstruction after its Umayyad beginnings. Archnet identifies Abbasid work associated with al-Mahdi and possibly al-Mansur, followed by an eleventh-century Fatimid reconstruction. Museum With No Frontiers likewise lists Abbasid and Fatimid patrons while describing the present plan as the result of debated stages. The exact extent and sequence of each campaign remain qualified.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Patrons and description" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "continuity", "heading": "Continuity of place does not mean unchanged fabric", "passages": [ { "text": "A religious building can retain its identity while its structure is repaired, reduced, expanded or rebuilt. Al-Qibli’s long continuity as a named place should therefore not be confused with the survival of every early component. Sources that describe an Umayyad foundation and a later Fatimid reconstruction are not necessarily contradicting one another: they may be describing successive phases of the same building.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "abbasid", "heading": "What the Abbasid account establishes", "passages": [ { "text": "Archnet records reconstruction during al-Mahdi’s reign and is more cautious about attributing work to al-Mansur. That “possibly” matters. It is not good editorial practice to remove a source’s uncertainty when turning a long entry into a short timeline label. The custodial guide also describes Abbasid interventions, but a full chronology would require comparison with the architectural studies cited by Archnet.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fatimid", "heading": "The Fatimid phase", "passages": [ { "text": "The eleventh-century reconstruction belongs to another period of major change. Short accounts sometimes offer a precise year without clarifying whether they mean an earthquake, an order to rebuild or the completion of work. This guide keeps the robust period-level statement unless the particular event is securely identified. A building history is more useful when each date has an explicit meaning.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Fatimid reconstruction" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rock", "heading": "The Dome of the Rock also changed", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Rock’s original Umayyad commission did not prevent later rulers from altering it. The Metropolitan Museum describes al-Ma’mun’s intervention in the inscription and successive changes of form and function. Such evidence shows that a monument’s inherited prestige can motivate later rulers to repair it, claim a connection with it or reshape its presentation.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "read", "heading": "How to read a rebuilding claim", "passages": [ { "text": "Ask whether the claim concerns a wall, an aisle arrangement, a dome, its decoration or the whole building. Then ask whether it is based on an inscription, architectural analysis or a narrative source. A broad guide can establish that rebuilding occurred while leaving the precise extent for a specialist study. That distinction prevents the misleading extremes of calling everything original or treating every repair as a wholly new mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-005", "kb-018", "kb-023" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-020", "slug": "crusader-and-ayyubid-periods", "title": "Crusader uses and Ayyubid renewal", "category": "history", "description": "Changing uses of the major buildings, Saladin’s recovery of Al-Quds and the return of the Nur al-Din minbar.", "directAnswer": { "text": "During Crusader rule, the southern mosque and Dome of the Rock acquired different uses and Christian identifications. Saladin’s capture of Al-Quds in 1187 marked their return to Muslim use. The transport of Nur al-Din’s minbar from Aleppo is a particularly well-documented part of this transition.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "uses", "heading": "Do not merge the two buildings’ Crusader histories", "passages": [ { "text": "Archnet describes the southern mosque as a royal palace and later a residence of the Knights Templar, under the identification Templum Salomonis. The Dome of the Rock was associated with Templum Domini and used as a church. The two histories belong to neighboring monuments, but they are not identical. This is another case where identifying the exact building is essential before summarizing a period.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "1187", "heading": "What 1187 marks", "passages": [ { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum’s Ayyubid overview identifies 1187 as the year Al-Quds was captured by Saladin’s forces. For the sanctuary, this is a political and religious turning point, not the first construction date of its major buildings. Their existing fabric was adapted and renewed. A timeline should therefore label the event as a change of control and use, rather than saying that Saladin built the entire Al-Aqsa compound.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-ayyubid" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "minbar", "heading": "A commission fulfilled after its patron’s death", "passages": [ { "text": "Nur al-Din commissioned the celebrated wooden minbar in Aleppo before Al-Quds was recovered. The museum record dates its manufacture to 1169–1174 and its transfer by Saladin to 1187. These are three distinct roles: patron, makers and the ruler who arranged its installation in Al-Quds. Calling it “Saladin’s minbar” should not erase the earlier commission or the named craftspeople.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] } ] }, { "id": "small-buildings", "heading": "Smaller Ayyubid interventions", "passages": [ { "text": "The Ayyubid period also appears in the records of smaller structures, including the Dome of the Ascension’s dedication or renovation around 1200–01. That date concerns an architectural intervention, not the origin of the religious event commemorated by the monument. Reading the smaller buildings alongside the large halls makes the period visible at more than one scale.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ascension" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" } ] } ] }, { "id": "period", "heading": "Avoid a simple uninterrupted block of dates", "passages": [ { "text": "A regional dynasty’s dates and a city’s history of control are not always identical. The Metropolitan Museum’s account notes further changes concerning Al-Quds after 1187. A period label is useful for organizing art and architecture, but it is not a substitute for an event-by-event political history. The timeline here selects architectural and educational milestones rather than attempting to compress every regional conflict into one line.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-ayyubid" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-023" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-024", "kb-008", "kb-021" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-021", "slug": "mamluk-jerusalem", "title": "Mamluk Al-Quds: schools, water and gateways", "category": "history", "description": "See the Mamluk contribution through institutions and the sanctuary’s edges as well as individual monuments.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Mamluk patronage contributed schools, water buildings, minarets and other structures to the religious landscape of Al-Quds. Around Al-Aqsa, the Cotton Merchants’ Market, Ashrafiyya madrasa and Qaytbay sabil offer connected examples of commerce, learning and public provision.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" }, { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "city", "heading": "An intellectual and religious destination", "passages": [ { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers describes Al-Quds as an important Mamluk center for pilgrimage, scholarship and intellectual exchange. Madrasas and other endowed institutions provided settings for continuing activities; their histories connect patrons and buildings with people who studied, taught and worshipped in the city.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-mamluks" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tankiz", "heading": "Tankiz and the market connection", "passages": [ { "text": "The Ministry of Tourism dates a rebuilding of the Cotton Merchants’ Market to Emir Tankiz in 1336. The gate linking it with the sanctuary makes the relationship between market and sacred precinct especially legible. Keep the source’s building scope clear: a date for the market complex should not become an unsupported first-construction date for all the neighboring structures.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] } ] }, { "id": "qaytbay", "heading": "Qaytbay’s paired architectural presence", "passages": [ { "text": "Qaytbay’s work is visible through both the Ashrafiyya madrasa and the nearby sabil. The museum records date the major interventions to 1482 and describe earlier patrons or structures at both sites. The resulting ensemble connects education and water provision. “Mamluk” identifies an important layer here, while the detailed records explain how that layer replaced or transformed what preceded it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] } ] }, { "id": "objects", "heading": "The contribution survives in objects too", "passages": [ { "text": "A copper door panel from Ashrafiyya bears the patron’s name and decorative motifs. Its transfer to the Islamic Museum means that evidence of a building’s history can now be encountered away from the building itself. Such objects expand the architectural account beyond a view of the facade and preserve questions about material, manufacture, inscription and later collection history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "heading": "A period is a framework, not a uniform style", "passages": [ { "text": "A tall stone minaret, an educational complex and a small water building should not be expected to look alike because they belong to the same broad period. Their functions and settings differ. Use the Mamluk label to organize relationships among patrons, dates and institutions, then return to the individual record to understand the form and evidence of each monument.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-mamluks" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-011", "aqsa-003", "aqsa-010", "aqsa-025", "aqsa-029", "aqsa-030", "aqsa-031", "aqsa-040" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-014", "kb-022" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-022", "slug": "ottoman-renewal", "title": "Ottoman renewal and the visible sanctuary", "category": "history", "description": "Tilework, small monuments and later repairs that help explain what visitors see today.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Ottoman interventions added important layers to Al-Aqsa’s appearance, especially the Dome of the Rock’s exterior tile decoration under Süleyman. Later Ottoman work is also documented in individual tiles, water buildings and smaller monuments. An early foundation date does not date all of these surfaces.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "suleyman", "heading": "Süleyman’s architectural patronage", "passages": [ { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum places the Dome of the Rock’s tile revetment among the religious architectural works of Süleyman’s reign, 1520–1566. In the building’s longer history, this intervention changed the treatment of the exterior while retaining its central identity. It is therefore possible to recognize an Umayyad monument through an appearance shaped substantially by an Ottoman decorative campaign.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "1817", "heading": "An 1817 tile with a named maker", "passages": [ { "text": "The Islamic Museum’s catalog includes a ceramic tile made during an 1817 restoration of the Dome of the Rock. Its inscription names Mustafa Ali Effendi. The record also discusses tiles made locally and others imported for restoration. This single object supplies more precise evidence about one phase of production than a general label such as “Ottoman tiles” can convey.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sabil", "heading": "Repairing an inherited water building", "passages": [ { "text": "Sabil Qaytbay’s museum entry records renovation in 1882–83 during the Ottoman period. The name of the earlier Mamluk patron remained attached to the monument. This demonstrates an important pattern: maintenance under a later ruler does not necessarily rename a building, while the familiar name does not mean later work was absent. Both the founding association and the repair history belong in its record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] } ] }, { "id": "small-domes", "heading": "Commemoration and smaller structures", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide describes Ottoman phases at the Dome of the Prophet, including a niche and the later canopy above it. The religious association of the place is older than the structure being described. A source that identifies an Ottoman building phase is not claiming that the tradition itself originated at that moment, and the tradition does not provide a construction date for the canopy.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" }, { "sourceId": "madain-prophet" } ] } ] }, { "id": "layer", "heading": "Read the Ottoman layer without erasing the others", "passages": [ { "text": "The most useful account of an inherited monument follows several kinds of continuity: its name, its use, its structural form and its decorative surfaces. These do not always change together. The Dome of the Rock’s founding, the production of a later tile and a nineteenth-century fountain renovation are separate historical events. The timeline preserves them as separate records linked back to the same places.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-012", "aqsa-019", "aqsa-020", "aqsa-022", "aqsa-045", "aqsa-046" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-015", "kb-023", "kb-008" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-023", "slug": "restoration-and-conservation", "title": "Restoration: how Al-Aqsa’s fabric survives", "category": "history", "description": "Understand rebuilding, repair and conservation through documented examples rather than treating every visible surface as original.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Aqsa’s monuments survive through repeated repair and conservation. A documented modern example is the restoration of the southern mosque recognized by the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in the 1984–1986 cycle. Its work included the dome covering and interior paintings, alongside wider conservation activity.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "words", "heading": "Rebuilding, restoration and conservation", "passages": [ { "text": "The southern mosque’s architectural record includes major historical reconstructions as well as more recent treatment of particular surfaces. These interventions differ in scale. Rebuilding after structural damage, replacing a roof covering and conserving surviving paint should not be reduced to the same event. A useful account names both the intervention and the element affected.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dome", "heading": "The southern dome’s covering", "passages": [ { "text": "The Aga Khan project record describes an aluminum outer covering being replaced with lead. It also identifies earlier changes to the dome’s construction. A present-day photograph therefore cannot, on its own, establish which metal covered the roof in every historical period. The conservation documentation is necessary for connecting the visible finish to the decisions behind it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration", "locator": "Project description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "paint", "heading": "Distinguishing restored paint from surviving paint", "passages": [ { "text": "The same record describes the recovery and reconstruction of painted decoration using fine vertical strokes to distinguish reconstructed areas. The purpose is not simply to make a damaged surface look uniformly old. The treatment makes a distinction between original material and modern completion, allowing the repaired work to remain readable without concealing the fact that an intervention took place.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration", "locator": "Dome paintings" } ] } ] }, { "id": "collections", "heading": "Removed material can remain historical evidence", "passages": [ { "text": "An 1817 tile from the Dome of the Rock entered the Islamic Museum during restoration in 1966. Fragments of Nur al-Din’s minbar entered the collection after the 1969 fire. Objects removed from a monument can therefore continue to document it, provided their origins and transfer histories are preserved. A building record and a museum record should be connected rather than treated as unrelated descriptions.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile", "locator": "Acquisition" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar", "locator": "Acquisition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dates", "heading": "Completion and recognition have different dates", "passages": [ { "text": "The Aga Khan page lists project completion in 1983 and an award in the 1984–1986 cycle. These dates describe different events. Neither should be silently substituted for the other in a timeline. The same principle applies to every restoration: distinguish an initial decision, work on site, completion, documentation and later recognition whenever the sources make those distinctions possible.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration", "locator": "Project metadata" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-024" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-015", "kb-024", "kb-031" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-024", "slug": "nur-al-din-minbar", "title": "Nur al-Din’s minbar: makers, movement and memory", "category": "history", "description": "The pulpit commissioned in Aleppo, installed under Saladin and known today through surviving fragments and documentation.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Nur al-Din commissioned the celebrated wooden minbar made in Aleppo between 1169 and 1174. Saladin arranged its transfer to Al-Quds in 1187. Much of the original was destroyed in the 1969 fire; surviving pieces are cataloged by the Islamic Museum and retain evidence of its craftsmanship and inscriptions.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "function", "heading": "What a minbar is", "passages": [ { "text": "A minbar is a pulpit associated with delivering the sermon. It is distinct from a mihrab, the prayer niche. The museum account describes an entrance, staircase and raised platform as parts of the original. The surviving panels belonged to this working pulpit, with decoration fitted to its entrance, staircase and platform.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar", "locator": "Description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "people", "heading": "Separate the patron, makers and installer", "passages": [ { "text": "The object’s history involves Nur al-Din as commissioner, named craftspeople associated with its manufacture, and Saladin as the ruler who brought it to Al-Quds. The museum record also credits Nur al-Din’s son with completing his father’s commission. A familiar name such as “Saladin’s minbar” can be useful, but it should not replace this more precise account of different contributions.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar", "locator": "Original owner, makers and description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "craft", "heading": "Construction and decoration work together", "passages": [ { "text": "The surviving pieces reveal interlocking wood, inlay, geometric arrangements and vegetal decoration. The construction method is part of the visual achievement: small elements combine into larger patterned units. This makes the fragments valuable evidence even though the original pulpit no longer survives intact. They preserve information about making, rather than functioning merely as illustrations of a lost object.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar", "locator": "Materials and description" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inscriptions", "heading": "The inscriptions carry historical evidence", "passages": [ { "text": "The museum’s dating rests on inscriptions and historical sources. Those inscriptions include the names of patrons and craftspeople alongside religious text. The evidence is especially useful because manufacture, transfer and later damage did not occur at the same time. A date for one of these events should not be used as though it dates all the others.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar", "locator": "How date and origin were established" } ] } ] }, { "id": "after-fire", "heading": "Reading the record after the fire", "passages": [ { "text": "The surviving panels entered the Islamic Museum after the 1969 fire. They should be identified as pieces of the original, with their collection history retained. Describing a replacement or reconstruction elsewhere would require its own documentation and date; it would not make the original fragments redundant. This guide follows the documented original and links it to the wider account of conservation at Al-Aqsa.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar", "locator": "Acquisition" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-048" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-020", "kb-023", "kb-030" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-025", "slug": "importance-in-islam", "title": "Why Al-Aqsa matters in Islam", "category": "significance", "description": "The Night Journey, first qibla and three-mosque tradition, with direct links to the religious texts.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Al-Aqsa’s importance to Muslims is rooted in the Night Journey, the earlier direction of prayer toward Al-Quds, and the hadith naming Al-Aqsa with the Sacred Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina. These religious foundations are distinct from the later construction dates of its surviving monuments.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-three" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "night-journey", "heading": "The Night Journey", "passages": [ { "text": "Qur’an 17:1 describes a journey by night from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa and speaks of blessing around the destination. Muslim tradition identifies that destination with Al-Quds. The verse is foundational for explaining the sanctuary’s significance; it is not an architectural description of the gold-domed building commissioned later by Abd al-Malik.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra", "locator": "17:1" }, { "sourceId": "muslim-journey", "locator": "162a" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "qibla", "heading": "The earlier direction of prayer", "passages": [ { "text": "Sahih al-Bukhari 399 records prayer toward Bayt al-Maqdis before the change toward the Kaaba. Qur’an 2:144 addresses the direction toward al-Masjid al-Haram. The expression “first qibla” summarizes an important part of Muslim memory of Al-Quds. It does not mean that Muslims presently face Al-Aqsa for their daily prayers.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla", "locator": "399" }, { "sourceId": "quran-qibla", "locator": "2:144" } ] } ] }, { "id": "three", "heading": "The three mosques", "passages": [ { "text": "Sahih al-Bukhari 1189 names al-Masjid al-Haram, the Prophet’s Mosque and Al-Aqsa in a report concerning journeys to mosques. This is a direct textual foundation for speaking about the site’s special standing. It should not be stretched into an unsourced statement about exact prayer rewards or treated as a substitute for the distinct requirements of Hajj.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-three", "locator": "1189" } ] } ] }, { "id": "whole-site", "heading": "Significance belongs to the place, not only an image", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide emphasizes that the sacred enclosure includes courtyards and smaller structures as well as the principal halls. This explains why learning the boundary of Al-Aqsa matters to understanding its religious meaning. A golden dome may be a powerful visual identifier, but it does not delimit the whole sacred site in the guide’s Islamic understanding.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] } ] }, { "id": "careful-reading", "heading": "Read the texts with their scope intact", "passages": [ { "text": "A Qur’anic verse, a hadith and a historical building record are different kinds of evidence. The texts explain religious significance; the building records explain later construction and change. Learn links both, while preserving the distinction. Detailed questions about hadith interpretation, ritual practice or differences among legal traditions require the relevant scholarly treatment rather than an inference from a museum caption or a brief heritage guide.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-three" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-026", "kb-027", "kb-028" ], "verification": "attributed-tradition", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-026", "slug": "first-qibla", "title": "Al-Aqsa and the first qibla", "category": "significance", "description": "What qibla means, what the sources say about Al-Quds, and what changed when prayer turned toward Mecca.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Qibla means the direction faced in prayer. The hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari 399 records the Prophet praying toward Bayt al-Maqdis before turning toward the Kaaba. Qur’an 2:144 directs prayer toward al-Masjid al-Haram. This is the basis for describing Al-Quds as the first qibla in Muslim tradition.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "quran-qibla" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "direction", "heading": "A direction, not the name of a building", "passages": [ { "text": "Qibla is a relationship between the worshipper and the direction of prayer. It is not another name for a golden dome or a specific later prayer hall. The southern mosque’s name, Al-Qibli, relates to its position on the qibla side of the sanctuary. Keeping the directional term separate from the building name prevents a common confusion in introductory accounts.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 6, 8–11" }, { "sourceId": "quran-qibla" } ] } ] }, { "id": "report", "heading": "What the report actually says", "passages": [ { "text": "The report attributed to al-Bara ibn Azib gives “sixteen or seventeen months” for prayer toward Bayt al-Maqdis. Bukhari 40 explicitly places this period after the Prophet’s arrival in Medina. The custodial guide summarizes it as sixteen months. Retaining the report’s alternative wording avoids presenting an exact uncontested duration, and identifying the Medina context prevents this figure being mistaken for the whole history of prayer toward Al-Quds.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla", "locator": "399" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-medina", "locator": "40" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 3" } ] } ] }, { "id": "change", "heading": "The change toward al-Masjid al-Haram", "passages": [ { "text": "Qur’an 2:144 directs the Prophet and believers toward al-Masjid al-Haram. The Bukhari report connects the change with the Kaaba and describes people turning after being informed. The significance of Al-Quds in this account is historical and religious; it does not establish Al-Quds as the present direction for Muslim prayer.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-qibla", "locator": "2:144" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla", "locator": "399" } ] } ] }, { "id": "architecture", "heading": "The surviving buildings came later", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Rock’s completion in 691–692 and the southern mosque’s major Umayyad building phases are later than the Prophet’s lifetime. Thus “first qibla” should not be illustrated in a way that implies the present buildings were already standing in their current forms. A modern photograph represents the place as it looks now, not the architecture of the episode narrated in the hadith.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reading", "heading": "A careful way to explain the connection", "passages": [ { "text": "Begin with the definition of qibla, identify the report about Al-Quds, and then explain the change toward Mecca. Only after that should the reader move to the present sanctuary and its named structures. This order separates a religious historical event from an architectural identification and avoids converting the date of a surviving monument into the beginning of a religious relationship.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "quran-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-025", "kb-017", "kb-016" ], "verification": "attributed-tradition", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-027", "slug": "isra-and-miraj", "title": "Isra and Miʿraj: text, tradition and place", "category": "significance", "description": "Distinguish the Night Journey from the Ascension and the religious accounts from later commemorative buildings.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Isra refers to the Night Journey; Miʿraj refers to the Ascension. Qur’an 17:1 names al-Masjid al-Aqsa as the destination of the night journey from al-Masjid al-Haram. Hadith accounts, including Sahih Muslim 162a, describe Al-Quds, prayer and the ascent through the heavens.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "muslim-journey" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "verse", "heading": "What Qur’an 17:1 supplies", "passages": [ { "text": "The verse describes the night journey and the blessed surroundings of al-Masjid al-Aqsa. It does not name the Dome of the Rock, give a construction history, or lay out a visitor’s route through the present compound. A direct citation of the verse should support what the verse says, while further details are connected to the particular traditions or interpretations in which they occur.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra", "locator": "17:1" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hadith", "heading": "The fuller account in hadith", "passages": [ { "text": "Sahih Muslim 162a recounts travel on al-Buraq to Bayt al-Maqdis, tethering the animal, entering the mosque and praying, followed by the ascent with Gabriel. The report supplies narrative detail beyond the brief Qur’anic verse. Those details should be attributed to the hadith rather than introduced as though all were stated explicitly in the same verse.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "muslim-journey", "locator": "162a" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rock", "heading": "Association with the rock", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Rock is strongly associated in Muslim tradition with the Ascension. The custodial guide nevertheless cautions that identifying the exact rock as the departure point is not confirmed by a specific prophetic tradition it cites. A source can describe a deeply meaningful association and still acknowledge the limits of evidence for its precise physical localization.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13, notes" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] } ] }, { "id": "commemoration", "heading": "Commemoration is not contemporary construction", "passages": [ { "text": "The Dome of the Ascension and the Dome of the Prophet are later monuments whose names and associations recall elements of sacred history. Their Ayyubid and Ottoman architectural phases do not date the events commemorated. This is a general principle for reading sacred sites: a monument can keep a tradition visible without having been built at the time of the event.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–25" }, { "sourceId": "madain-ascension" }, { "sourceId": "madain-prophet" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scope", "heading": "What this introduction does not establish", "passages": [ { "text": "The cited texts are used here to explain the relationship among the narrative, the sanctuary and the later monuments. They are not used to assign a precise modern calendar anniversary or to map every moment to a surveyed coordinate. Where a question requires interpretation or the comparison of additional reports, a fuller scholarly treatment is necessary. The source links let readers begin with the actual passages rather than an unattributed retelling.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "muslim-journey" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-015", "aqsa-050" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-025", "kb-028", "kb-008" ], "verification": "attributed-tradition", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-028", "slug": "tradition-and-historical-evidence", "title": "Tradition, history and claims of origin", "category": "significance", "description": "How to answer questions about Al-Aqsa’s origins without treating every kind of evidence as interchangeable.", "directAnswer": { "text": "Religious traditions, historical narratives, building inscriptions and conservation records answer different kinds of questions about Al-Aqsa. A report about sacred origins should not be turned into a construction date for a surviving hall. Equally, dating a building does not date the beginning of the place’s religious significance.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "forty-years", "heading": "The report about forty years", "passages": [ { "text": "Sahih al-Bukhari 3366 names al-Masjid al-Haram and then Al-Aqsa in response to a question about the earliest mosques, giving an interval of forty years. The report does not name the builders in that passage. It should therefore not be cited as direct proof that a particular named person constructed the present Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibli Mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty", "locator": "3366" } ] } ] }, { "id": "builder", "heading": "Why “who built it?” needs a subject", "passages": [ { "text": "For the Dome of the Rock, the architectural answer identifies Abd al-Malik’s commission. For the southern mosque, the answer includes early Umayyad patronage and later rebuilding. For the sacred site’s origins in religious tradition, the relevant sources and claims are different. An answer that names one person without defining which of these questions it addresses can be misleading even if the person is connected with the site.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" } ] } ] }, { "id": "precise-spot", "heading": "Names can preserve associations without proving exact spots", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide distinguishes several commemorative associations from firm evidence identifying a precise location. Its discussion of the rock and of Zechariah’s niche includes such qualifications. These are useful examples of caution within an Islamic guide itself: explaining a tradition respectfully does not require presenting the exact physical location as archaeologically demonstrated.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 11–13" } ] } ] }, { "id": "material", "heading": "What material evidence can show", "passages": [ { "text": "An inscribed tile can identify a maker and a date for that tile. A minbar fragment can preserve a patron’s name or a construction technique. Such evidence can be very specific, but its specificity has boundaries. An object’s date is not automatically the age of the whole sanctuary, and a reused inscription may not date the building in which it is currently seen.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "yusuf-reference" } ] } ] }, { "id": "language", "heading": "Useful language for a responsible answer", "passages": [ { "text": "Use “the report states” for a cited religious text, “the inscription records” for an inscription, and “the source proposes” for an interpretation. When accounts conflict, preserve their attributions instead of silently selecting the more definite-sounding version. This makes the knowledge base more useful for learning: a reader can follow both the answer and the path by which the answer was reached.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-012", "aqsa-018", "aqsa-036" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-017", "kb-027", "kb-031" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-029", "slug": "understanding-a-visit", "title": "What you see in the sanctuary", "category": "visiting", "description": "An educational orientation to the buildings, courtyards and details of Al-Aqsa, with clear limits on what old guides can tell a visitor.", "directAnswer": { "text": "A first visual orientation should distinguish the southern prayer hall, the raised platform and Dome of the Rock, the smaller courtyard structures, and the architecture along the boundaries. These are connected parts of one sanctuary. Understanding them does not require treating the site as a checklist of domes.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5; overview pp. 66–67" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "orientation", "heading": "Begin with relationships", "passages": [ { "text": "Identify the southern hall and the raised platform before focusing on smaller details. Al-Kas lies before the southern mosque; the Dome of the Chain stands east of the Dome of the Rock; the Cotton Merchants’ Gate connects with the city to the west. These relationships make individual names easier to remember, while a photograph or a documented plan can reveal what a schematic leaves out.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24, 48–55" }, { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] } ] }, { "id": "details", "heading": "Choose one detail to study closely", "passages": [ { "text": "An arcade can teach you to read repeated supports and arches. A water building can connect form with use and patronage. A tile can reveal a restoration date and a maker’s name. Looking closely at one such detail often produces a more accurate understanding than assigning an age or a religious meaning to everything visible in a broad photograph.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "commons-portico" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] } ] }, { "id": "layers", "heading": "Expect different kinds of age", "passages": [ { "text": "A monument may have an early foundation, a later enclosure and still later surface decoration. At the Dome of the Rock, the Umayyad commission and the Ottoman tile history are different layers. At Al-Qibli, major rebuilding and modern conservation complicate a single date. A visible contrast in materials is a reason to investigate, not proof by itself of a particular historical period.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "heading": "The historical guide is not a current entry guide", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide used here was published in 2015. Its descriptions of open gates, institutions and rooms are evidence for that publication’s account, not a live service. Learn does not confirm entry eligibility, opening times or access to interiors. For an actual visit, follow current on-site instructions; do not rely on an old photograph or a historic gate classification as a permission to enter.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "Publication date; pp. 46–53" } ] } ] }, { "id": "digital", "heading": "Use the digital map for identification", "passages": [ { "text": "Explore’s map is explicitly schematic. Use it to find names, photographs and linked explanations, rather than to measure distances, judge steps or plan an accessible route. The sanctuary has different levels and the product has no surveyed route network. A good digital orientation makes these limitations clear while still helping you recognize the architecture and prepare more informed questions.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 66–67" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-003", "aqsa-006", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-042" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-003", "kb-012", "kb-015" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-030", "slug": "museum-and-manuscripts", "title": "The Islamic Museum and the evidence it preserves", "category": "visiting", "description": "Objects, manuscripts and architectural fragments connect the sanctuary’s buildings with a wider material history.", "directAnswer": { "text": "The Islamic Museum at Al-Aqsa preserves manuscripts, objects and material from the sanctuary’s monuments. Its collection includes fragments of Nur al-Din’s minbar, tiles from the Dome of the Rock and metalwork associated with historic buildings. These records extend the story beyond what remains in place.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "institution", "heading": "A museum within a changing architectural setting", "passages": [ { "text": "The museum profile records its establishment in 1923 and move to the southwestern part of the sanctuary in 1929. Its location is part of a longer history of buildings changing use. An Archnet project account also describes the restoration of nearby spaces for the Al-Aqsa Library. These institutional histories should be read with their dates, rather than treated as current opening announcements.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-library" } ] } ] }, { "id": "objects", "heading": "Three objects, three kinds of evidence", "passages": [ { "text": "The minbar fragments preserve craftsmanship and inscriptions from a lost pulpit. An 1817 tile records a later phase of decoration at the Dome of the Rock. A copper door panel links the collection to Ashrafiyya and Qaytbay’s patronage. Each object has a material history, a building association and a museum acquisition history; none should be reduced to an anonymous example of “Islamic decoration.”", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] } ] }, { "id": "manuscripts", "heading": "Manuscripts belong in the architectural story", "passages": [ { "text": "The museum profile includes Qur’anic manuscripts among its holdings. Such collections connect the sanctuary with written culture and the institutions of learning around it. Studying a manuscript requires attention to script, material, date and provenance, just as studying a building requires more than recognizing its outline. This first corpus introduces the collection without claiming to provide a complete manuscript catalog.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance", "heading": "The value of a transfer history", "passages": [ { "text": "The tile record states that the object entered the museum during restoration in 1966; the minbar fragments arrived after the 1969 fire; the Ashrafiyya panel was transferred in 1928. These dates do not date the manufacture of the objects. They explain how evidence moved from a building into a collection and why the collection may preserve information no longer visible at the original location.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "heading": "A collection can be studied without assuming physical access", "passages": [ { "text": "The linked museum records make selected objects available for study through descriptions, images and bibliographies. They do not establish a current visitor timetable. An educational visit to the online collection can focus on one object’s material, date and building connection, then return to the corresponding Learn or Explore record to understand the larger setting.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-032", "aqsa-048" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-024", "kb-013", "kb-015" ], "verification": "source-checked", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" }, { "id": "kb-031", "slug": "reading-dates-and-sources", "title": "How to read dates and sources", "category": "basics", "description": "A practical guide to construction dates, inscriptions, competing accounts and the evidence behind this knowledge base.", "directAnswer": { "text": "A date needs an event attached to it. Construction, dedication, restoration, acquisition and recognition are different events, even when they concern the same monument. Learn preserves source-specific citations and qualifications so that a short answer can be traced back to the evidence supporting it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "date", "heading": "Ask what happened in the named year", "passages": [ { "text": "For Nur al-Din’s minbar, manufacture in Aleppo, transfer to Al-Quds and damage in a fire occurred at different times. For the Aga Khan restoration, the recorded completion date and award cycle differ. A timeline that assigns only one year to each object or building loses these distinctions. A good date label names the event as well as the year.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] } ] }, { "id": "precision", "heading": "Keep the source’s degree of precision", "passages": [ { "text": "A century, a range of years and an exact date are different levels of precision. The Dome of the Rock’s completion is commonly given as 691–692, while the southern mosque’s early building history is divided among campaigns. Converting every record to a single year can invent certainty. Timeline entries here retain ranges or approximate labels where the source calls for them.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disagreement", "heading": "Conflicts need attribution", "passages": [ { "text": "The custodial guide and the existing Ghawanima reference print different construction dates. The gate inventory also describes conditions at a dated moment rather than establishing permanent access. A source check should identify these limitations, not merely confirm that a URL works. Learn marks qualified accounts and states what additional comparison would be needed to resolve an uncertainty.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30, 46–53" }, { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind", "heading": "Match the source to the claim", "passages": [ { "text": "A museum object record is useful for material, dating and acquisition; a conservation project record for an intervention; and a religious text for the tradition it records. A photograph supports visible form but seldom a complete construction chronology. A broad heritage designation supplies context, not evidence for every building date within the designated area.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" }, { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "commons-portico" }, { "sourceId": "unesco-old-city" } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "heading": "Following a citation in Learn", "passages": [ { "text": "Numbered references beside a passage lead to a source title and, where relevant, a printed page or section. The source record identifies its publisher and the consultation date. “Source checked” means the introduction was compared with the cited material; it does not claim independent archaeological verification or specialist peer review. When a reference offers a bibliography, use that as a route toward a deeper study.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Bibliography" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "Selected bibliography" } ] } ] } ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-011", "aqsa-012", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-016", "aqsa-026", "aqsa-037", "aqsa-044", "aqsa-049" ], "relatedTopicIds": [ "kb-028", "kb-023", "kb-010" ], "verification": "qualified", "published": "2026-09-14", "modified": "2026-09-14", "translationState": "published" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "qa-where-is-al-aqsa", "slug": "where-is-al-aqsa", "question": "Where is Al-Aqsa?", "answer": { "text": "Al-Aqsa is in the southeastern part of the Old City of Al-Quds. Here the name refers to the whole enclosed Muslim sanctuary, including its buildings and open courtyards.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-001", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#where-is-al-aqsa", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-what-is-inside", "slug": "what-is-inside", "question": "What is inside the Al-Aqsa compound?", "answer": { "text": "The compound contains Al-Qibli Mosque, the Dome of the Rock, smaller domes, courtyards, arcades, water structures and other historic buildings. The guide also describes spaces below the main courtyard level.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-001", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/what-is-inside", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-only-one-building", "slug": "only-one-building", "question": "Is Al-Aqsa a single building?", "answer": { "text": "In the broad usage followed here, no: Al-Aqsa is the whole sanctuary. Architectural sources also use “Al-Aqsa Mosque” for the southern congregational hall, so the intended meaning depends on context.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-001", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#only-one-building", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-outside-courtyards", "slug": "outside-courtyards", "question": "Are the open courtyards part of Al-Aqsa?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The custodial guide includes the open courtyards and platforms within Al-Aqsa Mosque. A roof does not define the boundary of the sanctuary in that account.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-001", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#outside-courtyards", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-meaning-al-aqsa", "slug": "meaning-al-aqsa", "question": "What does Al-Aqsa mean?", "answer": { "text": "Al-aqsa is commonly translated as “farthest,” as in translations of Qur’an 17:1. The name’s wording should be distinguished from the later architectural use of “Al-Aqsa Mosque” for the southern prayer hall.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-002", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#meaning-al-aqsa", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-haram-al-sharif", "slug": "haram-al-sharif", "question": "What is Al-Haram al-Sharif?", "answer": { "text": "Al-Haram al-Sharif, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary, is a widely used name for the precinct. The custodial guide uses it while distinguishing its theological status from the harams of Mecca and Medina.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-002", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#haram-al-sharif", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qubbat-al-sakhra", "slug": "qubbat-al-sakhra", "question": "What does Qubbat al-Sakhra refer to?", "answer": { "text": "Qubbat al-Sakhra is the Arabic name of the Dome of the Rock. It identifies the gold-domed, octagonal monument, not the separate southern Al-Qibli prayer hall.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 8–13" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-002", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#qubbat-al-sakhra", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-temple-mount-name", "slug": "temple-mount-name", "question": "Why do some sources say Temple Mount?", "answer": { "text": "Temple Mount, or Har HaBayit, is the name used in Jewish historical and religious contexts for this geographical site. UNESCO places that name alongside Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram al-Sharif while attributing each to its religious context; the names should be recognized without treating the traditions as interchangeable.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "unesco-multifaith-names" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-002", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#temple-mount-name", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-compound-area", "slug": "compound-area", "question": "How large is the Al-Aqsa compound?", "answer": { "text": "A 2015 custodial guide and a UNESCO-hosted institutional dossier both describe the whole enclosure as approximately 144 dunums: 144,000 square metres, or about 14.4 hectares. This approximate site figure includes open space and is not the floor area of the southern mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" }, { "sourceId": "unesco-aqsa-dossier", "locator": "Site overview" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-003", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#compound-area", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-area-difference", "slug": "area-difference", "question": "Why does a restoration record list 140,000 square metres?", "answer": { "text": "The Aga Khan page lists a restoration project size of 140,000 square metres. That scope should not be treated as a new boundary survey or averaged with the custodial guide’s 144,000-square-metre compound figure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-003", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#area-difference", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-same-level", "slug": "same-level", "question": "Is the whole sanctuary on one level?", "answer": { "text": "No. The guide distinguishes the main courtyards, the raised platform, subterranean prayer spaces and lower water infrastructure. A flat map does not show all of that vertical arrangement.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-003", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#same-level", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-measure-map", "slug": "measure-map", "question": "Can I measure walking distances on Explore?", "answer": { "text": "No. Explore uses an illustrative diagram with displaced labels, not surveyed coordinates or a route network. Use it to identify landmarks; the sanctuary’s different levels also limit what a flat overview can convey.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 66–67" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-003", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#measure-map", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-rock-part-of-aqsa", "slug": "rock-part-of-aqsa", "question": "Is the Dome of the Rock Al-Aqsa?", "answer": { "text": "It is part of Al-Aqsa when the name means the whole sanctuary. It is not the same building as Al-Qibli, which some architectural sources call Al-Aqsa Mosque. The answer depends on the scope of the name.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-004", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#rock-part-of-aqsa", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-gold-gray-domes", "slug": "gold-gray-domes", "question": "Which building has the gold dome and which has the gray dome?", "answer": { "text": "The gold dome belongs to the Dome of the Rock on the raised platform. The gray or silver dome belongs to Al-Qibli Mosque at the southern side of the sanctuary.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 8–13" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-004", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#gold-gray-domes", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibli-builder", "slug": "qibli-builder", "question": "Who built Al-Qibli Mosque?", "answer": { "text": "Its early development is associated with the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik and al-Walid, followed by major later rebuilding. Archnet credits an initial phase to Abd al-Malik and substantial work to al-Walid; it does not describe the present fabric as one untouched commission.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-005", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#qibli-builder", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibli-aisles", "slug": "qibli-aisles", "question": "How many aisles does the present Al-Qibli hall have?", "answer": { "text": "The custodial guide describes seven: a larger central aisle and three on either side. This concerns the present arrangement described by the guide, not every historical version of the mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–11" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-005", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#qibli-aisles", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibli-date-variation", "slug": "qibli-date-variation", "question": "Why are different early dates given for Al-Qibli?", "answer": { "text": "Sources describe different phases and compress them differently. Museum With No Frontiers gives 685–715 and names Abd al-Malik and al-Walid while noting debate; the custodial guide gives 706–714 under al-Walid, the Aga Khan summary uses 711, and Archnet distinguishes work under father and son. No single year is presented here as uncontested.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Date, patrons and description" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-005", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/qibli-date-variation", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-qibli-original-material", "slug": "qibli-original-material", "question": "Is everything inside Al-Qibli Umayyad?", "answer": { "text": "No. The building underwent Abbasid and Fatimid reconstruction and many later interventions. Its early origin does not date every column, ceiling, painted surface or roof covering visible today.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-005", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#qibli-original-material", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-rock-builder", "slug": "rock-builder", "question": "Who commissioned the Dome of the Rock?", "answer": { "text": "The Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned it. The Metropolitan Museum dates its completion to 691–692, while discussing later changes to its decoration and use.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-006", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#rock-builder", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-rock-octagon", "slug": "rock-octagon", "question": "Why is the Dome of the Rock described as octagonal?", "answer": { "text": "Its outer building has eight sides around the central rock and domed interior. The term describes the plan of the surrounding structure, rather than saying that the dome itself has eight flat sides.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-006", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#rock-octagon", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-rock-tiles-original", "slug": "rock-tiles-original", "question": "Are the exterior tiles all from the seventh century?", "answer": { "text": "No. Ottoman tile campaigns and later repairs changed the exterior. A tile dated 1817 is preserved in the Islamic Museum, documenting one later restoration phase.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-006", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#rock-tiles-original", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-rock-quran-building", "slug": "rock-quran-building", "question": "Does Qur’an 17:1 name the Dome of the Rock building?", "answer": { "text": "No. The verse names al-Masjid al-Aqsa in the Night Journey account. The Dome of the Rock is a later monument, completed in 691–692, and should not be read back into the verse as its explicit architectural subject.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-006", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/rock-quran-building", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-chain-location", "slug": "chain-location", "question": "Where is the Dome of the Chain?", "answer": { "text": "It stands east of the Dome of the Rock on the raised platform. Its open sides and column-supported roof distinguish it from the larger enclosed monument beside it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-007", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-004", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#chain-location", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-chain-purpose", "slug": "chain-purpose", "question": "What was the Dome of the Chain originally used for?", "answer": { "text": "Its original purpose is uncertain. The custodial guide discusses several interpretations, including a prototype, treasury or a place for workers, without establishing one as fact.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-007", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-004", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#chain-purpose", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-chain-gate-dome", "slug": "chain-gate-dome", "question": "Is the Dome of the Chain the same as the Chain Gate?", "answer": { "text": "No. Qubbat al-Silsila is the dome on the raised platform; Bab al-Silsila is a gateway on the western boundary. The shared translated name does not make them one landmark.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24, 48–51" }, { "sourceId": "chain-gate-reference" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-007", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-004", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#chain-gate-dome", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ascension-age", "slug": "ascension-age", "question": "Does the date 1200–01 establish the first building of the Ascension Dome?", "answer": { "text": "No. The sources document an Ayyubid intervention, while the earlier site history and the first form of the present structure remain uncertain. An intervention date should not be converted into an unqualified founding date.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ascension", "locator": "Date and description" }, { "sourceId": "madain-ascension" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-008", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ascension-age", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-prophet-columns", "slug": "prophet-columns", "question": "How many columns support the Dome of the Prophet?", "answer": { "text": "The cited architectural descriptions identify eight marble columns supporting the open canopy northwest of the Dome of the Rock. The same sources separately record a Muslim commemorative tradition associated with the place; the physical count does not verify the tradition or date the structure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-prophet" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-008", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#prophet-columns", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-yusuf-agha", "slug": "yusuf-agha", "question": "Are the Dome of Yusuf and Dome of Yusuf Agha the same?", "answer": { "text": "No. They are distinct structures. The Dome of Yusuf is south of the Dome of the Rock; the Dome of Yusuf Agha is farther south. The additional name is significant, not just a spelling variation.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "yusuf-reference" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-008", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#yusuf-agha", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-dome-name-date", "slug": "dome-name-date", "question": "Does a dome’s religious name tell us when it was built?", "answer": { "text": "No. A name can commemorate a much earlier tradition. The Ascension and Prophet domes have later architectural phases that must be dated independently of the religious events associated with them.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–25" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-008", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#dome-name-date", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-gate-count", "slug": "gate-count", "question": "How many gates does Al-Aqsa have?", "answer": { "text": "The 2015 custodial guide counts fifteen, describing ten as open and five as closed at that time. This is an attributed architectural inventory, not a live statement of how many entrances can be used today.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 46–53" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-009", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/gate-count", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-cotton-gate-connection", "slug": "cotton-gate-connection", "question": "What does the Cotton Merchants’ Gate connect to?", "answer": { "text": "Bab al-Qattanin links the sanctuary’s western side with the Cotton Merchants’ Market. The market account records rebuilding under Emir Tankiz in 1336.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-009", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#cotton-gate-connection", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-chain-paired-gate", "slug": "chain-paired-gate", "question": "Which portal is paired with the Chain Gate?", "answer": { "text": "The neighboring portal is the Tranquility Gate. The pair forms a double gateway on the western side of the sanctuary, distinct from the Dome of the Chain.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "chain-gate-reference" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-009", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#chain-paired-gate", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-gate-open-now", "slug": "gate-open-now", "question": "Does a gate listed as open in a guide mean I can use it now?", "answer": { "text": "No. The source inventory dates to 2015 and does not confirm current access. Historical architecture and today’s entry arrangements are different kinds of information; follow current instructions for an actual visit.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "Publication date; pp. 46–53" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-009", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#gate-open-now", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-minaret-count", "slug": "minaret-count", "question": "How many minarets are identified in the sanctuary?", "answer": { "text": "The custodial guide identifies four: Ghawanima, Asbat or Tribes Gate, Fakhriyya or Moroccan Gate, and Chain Gate. Each has its own Explore record, with a photograph and source-linked account of its form and history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-010", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/minaret-count", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-ghawanima-position", "slug": "ghawanima-position", "question": "Where is Ghawanima Minaret?", "answer": { "text": "It rises near the northwestern corner of the sanctuary, close to the gate sharing its name. The tower and gateway are related landmarks but are different architectural elements.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-010", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ghawanima-position", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ghawanima-date-conflict", "slug": "ghawanima-date-conflict", "question": "Why is Ghawanima’s date marked as qualified?", "answer": { "text": "Madain Project gives 1297–98 under Lajin, while the 2015 custodial guide prints 1278 with the same ruler association. Learn exposes that conflict; it has not independently resolved it through an inscription or architectural survey.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 30" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-010", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ghawanima-date-conflict", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-asbat-profile", "slug": "asbat-profile", "question": "Which minaret has a cylindrical form?", "answer": { "text": "The custodial guide identifies the Asbat, or Tribes Gate, minaret as cylindrical after Ottoman rebuilding. This contrasts with the square form it describes for the Chain Gate minaret.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-010", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#asbat-profile", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-kas-meaning", "slug": "kas-meaning", "question": "What does Al-Kas mean?", "answer": { "text": "The name refers to a cup or bowl. It fits the round basin of the fountain in front of Al-Qibli Mosque, which is associated with ablution before prayer.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-kas" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-011", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-006" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#kas-meaning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-sabil-meaning", "slug": "sabil-meaning", "question": "What is a sabil?", "answer": { "text": "A sabil is a structure for making water available. At Al-Aqsa, Qaytbay’s sabil is a compact, decorated water building near Ashrafiyya; it differs in form from the open Al-Kas ablution fountain.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" }, { "sourceId": "madain-kas" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-011", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-006" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#sabil-meaning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qaytbay-fountain-date", "slug": "qaytbay-fountain-date", "question": "When was Sabil Qaytbay renewed?", "answer": { "text": "The museum record gives Qaytbay’s major renewal as 1482 and a later Ottoman renovation as 1882–83. It also identifies an earlier fountain associated with Sultan Inal.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-011", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-006" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#qaytbay-fountain-date", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-water-underneath", "slug": "water-underneath", "question": "Are there water structures below the courtyards?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The custodial guide describes wells and channels below the main level. Visible fountains are only part of that infrastructure; the surface diagram does not map underground water routes.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 54–57" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-011", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-006" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#water-underneath", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-portico-meaning", "slug": "portico-meaning", "question": "What is a portico?", "answer": { "text": "A portico is a covered passage supported by columns or piers, with an open side. The western portico’s repeated stone arches are visible in the attributed photograph used by Explore.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "commons-portico" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 44–45" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-012", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#portico-meaning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-platform-arches-gates", "slug": "platform-arches-gates", "question": "Are the platform’s arched approaches gates into the Old City?", "answer": { "text": "No. They mark approaches within the sanctuary to the raised platform. They should be distinguished from gateways through the outer boundary that connect Al-Aqsa with the city.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 32–35, 46–53" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-012", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#platform-arches-gates", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-mastaba-use", "slug": "mastaba-use", "question": "What were the courtyard platforms used for?", "answer": { "text": "The custodial guide describes platforms associated with prayer and teaching. Their open setting does not make them functionless architectural decoration; they belong to the sanctuary’s broader use of space.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 64–65" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-012", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#mastaba-use", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-photo-dates-portico", "slug": "photo-dates-portico", "question": "Can the portico photograph establish its construction date?", "answer": { "text": "A photograph supports the description of visible arches, materials and spatial arrangement. It does not by itself establish a complete building chronology; Explore leaves that more detailed history pending.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "commons-portico" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-012", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#photo-dates-portico", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-madrasa-meaning", "slug": "madrasa-meaning", "question": "What is a madrasa?", "answer": { "text": "A madrasa is an educational institution. Historic examples around Al-Aqsa can include teaching halls, residential rooms and prayer spaces, so reducing the term to a doorway or a mosque misses part of the institution.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-013", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#madrasa-meaning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-schools-position", "slug": "schools-position", "question": "Where are the historic schools in relation to Al-Aqsa?", "answer": { "text": "Many are associated with the northern and western edges. Ashrafiyya is notable for projecting into the sanctuary, unlike the more usual boundary position described in its museum record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 36–43" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-013", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#schools-position", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-waqf-learning", "slug": "waqf-learning", "question": "How are endowments connected with learning?", "answer": { "text": "The Mamluk museum account describes generously endowed institutions supporting scholarship and religious learning in Al-Quds. An endowment connects a building’s patronage with continuing institutional purposes, rather than only its construction.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-mamluks" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-013", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#waqf-learning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-madrasa-open-classes", "slug": "madrasa-open-classes", "question": "Does a historic madrasa listing mean public classes are available?", "answer": { "text": "No. A historical institutional function does not establish present services or access. The linked sources document buildings and past uses; current courses or opening arrangements require separate confirmation.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-library" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-013", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-003", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#madrasa-open-classes", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ashrafiyya-location", "slug": "ashrafiyya-location", "question": "Where is Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya?", "answer": { "text": "It stands on the western side of the sanctuary between the Chain and Cotton Merchants’ gates. Its relationship with the enclosure and nearby Qaytbay sabil is part of its architectural significance.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-014", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ashrafiyya-location", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ashrafiyya-date", "slug": "ashrafiyya-date", "question": "What dates Qaytbay’s Ashrafiyya madrasa?", "answer": { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers dates the rebuilding to 1482 using the entrance inscription, waqf document and historical records. It distinguishes this campaign from the earlier foundation associated with Khashqadam.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-014", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ashrafiyya-date", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ashrafiyya-upper-storey", "slug": "ashrafiyya-upper-storey", "question": "Why is Ashrafiyya’s upper storey incomplete?", "answer": { "text": "The museum record notes severe earthquake damage in 1927, particularly to the upper storey. It describes the surviving evidence for a four-iwan arrangement around a central court.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-014", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ashrafiyya-upper-storey", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ashrafiyya-panel", "slug": "ashrafiyya-panel", "question": "What museum object comes from Ashrafiyya’s doorway?", "answer": { "text": "The Islamic Museum catalogs an engraved copper door panel associated with the madrasa and Qaytbay. It was transferred in 1928; the precise workshop location remains uncertain in the object record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-014", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009", "aqsa-010" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ashrafiyya-panel", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-tile-mosaic", "slug": "tile-mosaic", "question": "Are tile and mosaic the same material?", "answer": { "text": "No. Mosaic is assembled from small pieces; the cataloged Dome of the Rock tile is fired clay with underglaze decoration. The monument’s early mosaic and later tile histories should be distinguished.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-015", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#tile-mosaic", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-inscription-dates", "slug": "inscription-dates", "question": "Does an inscription always date the whole building?", "answer": { "text": "No. It may date a particular object, repair or dedication. The 1817 tile inscription dates that tile and restoration phase, not the seventh-century foundation of the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-015", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#inscription-dates", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-named-tile-maker", "slug": "named-tile-maker", "question": "Is a tile-maker’s name preserved from the Dome of the Rock?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The Islamic Museum’s 1817 ceramic tile record identifies Mustafa Ali Effendi from the inscription. It is evidence of a named craftsperson within a later restoration history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-015", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#named-tile-maker", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-woodwork-evidence", "slug": "woodwork-evidence", "question": "Where can I study the original minbar’s woodwork?", "answer": { "text": "The Islamic Museum’s online record describes surviving fragments, interlocking timber, inlay and inscriptions. These pieces preserve material evidence of the original pulpit even though it no longer survives intact.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-015", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#woodwork-evidence", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-marwani-location", "slug": "marwani-location", "question": "Where is the Marwani prayer hall?", "answer": { "text": "The custodial guide identifies it as a lower-level space in the southeastern part of the sanctuary. It is separate from Al-Qibli’s main covered hall and from the raised platform of the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 16–23" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-016", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#marwani-location", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ancient-aqsa", "slug": "ancient-aqsa", "question": "What does Ancient Aqsa refer to?", "answer": { "text": "The guide uses the term for large corridors below the present Al-Qibli Mosque. It identifies a particular lower-level space, not an alternative name for the whole sanctuary or the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 16–23" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-016", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#ancient-aqsa", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-mihrab-minbar", "slug": "mihrab-minbar", "question": "What is the difference between a mihrab and a minbar?", "answer": { "text": "A mihrab is the prayer niche associated with the qibla direction. A minbar is the pulpit used for the sermon. They are related features of a prayer hall but are not interchangeable objects.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–11, 58–59" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-016", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/mihrab-minbar", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-zechariah-niche-proof", "slug": "zechariah-niche-proof", "question": "Does the name Zechariah’s niche prove an exact prophetic location?", "answer": { "text": "No. The custodial guide itself says there is no solid evidence for the precise association it recounts. The name and tradition can be explained without presenting the physical location as demonstrated.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 11" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-016", "category": "architecture", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/architecture#zechariah-niche-proof", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-umar-present-hall", "slug": "umar-present-hall", "question": "Did Umar build the present gray-domed mosque?", "answer": { "text": "Later historical accounts associate Umar with an early simple southern prayer space. The present hall has later Umayyad phases and extensive subsequent rebuilding; it is not an unchanged structure from Umar’s time. Sources therefore distinguish the early prayer-space account from the chronology and surviving fabric of Al-Qibli Mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Description, date and patrons" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-017", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/umar-present-hall", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-before-umayyads", "slug": "before-umayyads", "question": "Did the site have a history before the Umayyad monuments?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The Metropolitan Museum locates the Dome of the Rock on the site associated with the earlier temples. Muslim religious references to Al-Aqsa also precede the surviving Umayyad buildings.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "quran-isra" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-017", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#before-umayyads", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-how-old-al-aqsa", "slug": "how-old-al-aqsa", "question": "How old is Al-Aqsa?", "answer": { "text": "There is no single age for the whole site. Religious traditions concern its sacred origins, while buildings have different construction and restoration dates. The Dome of the Rock was completed in 691–692; Al-Qibli has several major building phases.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-017", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/how-old-al-aqsa", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-who-built-al-aqsa", "slug": "who-built-al-aqsa", "question": "Who built Al-Aqsa?", "answer": { "text": "First specify the subject: the sacred place, the early Muslim prayer space or a surviving building. Different accounts concern each. Abd al-Malik commissioned the Dome of the Rock; the southern mosque involves both early Umayyad patronage and later reconstruction.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-017", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/who-built-al-aqsa", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-umayyad-period", "slug": "umayyad-period", "question": "When was the Umayyad period?", "answer": { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum dates the Umayyad dynasty to 661–750. This broad dynastic range is a framework for studying patronage; it is not a construction date for every monument associated with the dynasty.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-018", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-004" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#umayyad-period", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-abd-malik-walid", "slug": "abd-malik-walid", "question": "How were Abd al-Malik and al-Walid related?", "answer": { "text": "Al-Walid was Abd al-Malik’s son. Architectural accounts associate both with the early development of the southern mosque, while Abd al-Malik is the patron of the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-018", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-004" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#abd-malik-walid", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-umayyad-art-influences", "slug": "umayyad-art-influences", "question": "Did Umayyad architecture use earlier artistic traditions?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The Metropolitan Museum describes adaptation of late antique, Byzantine and Sasanian artistic traditions. This regional continuity coexisted with new Islamic commissions and religious messages.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-018", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-004" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#umayyad-art-influences", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-umayyad-label", "slug": "umayyad-label", "question": "Does “Umayyad monument” mean its present surfaces are all Umayyad?", "answer": { "text": "No. The label usually identifies a major origin or phase. Later changes to the Dome of the Rock and Al-Qibli mean that visible surfaces must be dated individually where evidence permits.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-018", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-004" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#umayyad-label", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-earthquakes-rebuilding", "slug": "earthquakes-rebuilding", "question": "Did earthquakes affect Al-Qibli’s building history?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. Archnet describes major earthquake damage followed by Abbasid and Fatimid reconstruction; Museum With No Frontiers also records those later patrons and describes a debated sequence of building stages. The present form cannot be understood solely through its Umayyad beginning.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Patrons and description" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-019", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#earthquakes-rebuilding", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-abbasid-caliphs", "slug": "abbasid-caliphs", "question": "Which Abbasid rulers are associated with rebuilding Al-Qibli?", "answer": { "text": "Archnet names al-Mahdi and gives a more qualified association with al-Mansur; Museum With No Frontiers lists both among later patrons. The difference in certainty is retained rather than converting both attributions into equally definite claims.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Patrons" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-019", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#abbasid-caliphs", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-fatimid-century", "slug": "fatimid-century", "question": "In which century did major Fatimid rebuilding occur?", "answer": { "text": "Archnet places a further reconstruction of the southern mosque in the eleventh century, and Museum With No Frontiers lists the Fatimid caliph al-Zahir among later patrons. This period-level statement does not assign every later feature to one campaign.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-aqsa", "locator": "Patrons" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-019", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#fatimid-century", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-mamun-inscription", "slug": "mamun-inscription", "question": "Why is al-Ma’mun mentioned in the Dome of the Rock’s history?", "answer": { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum describes his alteration of the inscription to claim a connection with its construction. This later intervention is distinct from the original commission under Abd al-Malik.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-019", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#mamun-inscription", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibli-crusaders", "slug": "qibli-crusaders", "question": "How was Al-Qibli used during Crusader rule?", "answer": { "text": "Archnet describes its use as a royal palace and later as a residence of the Knights Templar. That history differs from the Dome of the Rock’s use as a church.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-020", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/qibli-crusaders", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-saladin-1187", "slug": "saladin-1187", "question": "What changed at Al-Aqsa in 1187?", "answer": { "text": "Saladin captured Al-Quds and the major sanctuary buildings returned to Muslim use. The minbar commissioned by Nur al-Din was brought from Aleppo. This was a change of use and renewal, not the first construction of the entire compound.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-ayyubid" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-020", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/saladin-1187", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-templum-names", "slug": "templum-names", "question": "What are Templum Domini and Templum Salomonis?", "answer": { "text": "They are Crusader-period identifications associated respectively with the Dome of the Rock and the southern mosque. Keeping the two buildings distinct avoids merging their different medieval uses.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-020", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#templum-names", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ayyubid-small-dome", "slug": "ayyubid-small-dome", "question": "Which small mapped dome has an Ayyubid dedication?", "answer": { "text": "The Dome of the Ascension has a recorded dedication or renovation around 1200–01. Its earliest construction remains uncertain, so the recorded intervention is not presented as an unquestioned founding date.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ascension" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-020", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#ayyubid-small-dome", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-mamluk-learning", "slug": "mamluk-learning", "question": "Why is Mamluk Al-Quds important to the history of learning?", "answer": { "text": "Museum With No Frontiers describes the city as a center attracting scholars and pilgrims, supported by endowed madrasas and other institutions. This educational activity is part of the context for the architecture around Al-Aqsa.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-021", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#mamluk-learning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-tankiz-market", "slug": "tankiz-market", "question": "Who is associated with the Cotton Merchants’ Market’s rebuilding?", "answer": { "text": "The Ministry of Tourism account names Emir Tankiz and gives 1336. The claim concerns the market complex described by that source, rather than an independently verified first date for every adjacent doorway.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-021", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#tankiz-market", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qaytbay-two-buildings", "slug": "qaytbay-two-buildings", "question": "Which nearby structures connect Qaytbay with learning and water?", "answer": { "text": "The Ashrafiyya madrasa and Sabil Qaytbay. Museum records date Qaytbay’s major interventions at both to 1482, while also explaining earlier foundations or patrons.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-021", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#qaytbay-two-buildings", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-mamluk-monuments-same", "slug": "mamluk-monuments-same", "question": "Should all Mamluk monuments look alike?", "answer": { "text": "No. The school, water building and minaret serve different purposes and occupy different settings. A period label organizes patronage and chronology; it does not replace the architectural description of each structure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" }, { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-021", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-009" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#mamluk-monuments-same", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-suleyman-tiles", "slug": "suleyman-tiles", "question": "What did Süleyman’s patronage add to the Dome of the Rock?", "answer": { "text": "The Metropolitan Museum associates the exterior tile revetment with his reign, 1520–1566. This Ottoman surface treatment is a later layer on a monument whose original commission was Umayyad.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-022", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#suleyman-tiles", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-1817-tile", "slug": "1817-tile", "question": "What does the 1817 tile tell us?", "answer": { "text": "Its inscription names Mustafa Ali Effendi and dates a later restoration phase. It documents a particular object and craftsperson, not the first construction of the Dome of the Rock.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-022", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#1817-tile", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-ottoman-qaytbay", "slug": "ottoman-qaytbay", "question": "Did the Ottomans repair Sabil Qaytbay?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The museum record gives an Ottoman renovation in 1882–83. The fountain retained its association with the earlier Mamluk patron, showing why a familiar name is not a complete building chronology.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-022", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#ottoman-qaytbay", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-prophet-ottoman", "slug": "prophet-ottoman", "question": "Why is the Dome of the Prophet described as Ottoman?", "answer": { "text": "The guide records Ottoman work on the prayer niche and a later dome above it. That architectural dating concerns the commemorative structure, not the age of the prophetic tradition attached to the place.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-022", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-005", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#prophet-ottoman", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-restoration-award", "slug": "restoration-award", "question": "Did Al-Aqsa’s restoration receive an architecture award?", "answer": { "text": "Yes. The Aga Khan project record identifies it as a recipient in the 1984–1986 award cycle and lists project completion in 1983. Those are different dates for different events.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-023", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#restoration-award", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibli-covering", "slug": "qibli-covering", "question": "What did the modern restoration change on Al-Qibli’s dome?", "answer": { "text": "The project account describes replacing an aluminum outer covering with lead and treating the interior paintings. These are specific documented interventions, not a claim that the entire mosque was newly built.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-023", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#qibli-covering", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-distinguishable-paint", "slug": "distinguishable-paint", "question": "Why were fine lines used in reconstructed dome painting?", "answer": { "text": "The Aga Khan account explains that fine vertical strokes distinguished reconstructed areas from original painting. The method preserves a visible difference between surviving historic material and modern completion.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-023", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#distinguishable-paint", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-removed-tiles", "slug": "removed-tiles", "question": "Can a tile removed during restoration still be historical evidence?", "answer": { "text": "Yes, if its provenance is retained. The museum’s 1817 tile was transferred from the Dome of the Rock in 1966; its record links the object back to a particular building and restoration history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-023", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002", "aqsa-001" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#removed-tiles", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-minbar-commission", "slug": "minbar-commission", "question": "Who commissioned the celebrated wooden minbar?", "answer": { "text": "Nur al-Din commissioned it in Aleppo; the museum record dates manufacture to 1169–1174. Saladin later arranged its transfer to Al-Quds in 1187, so commissioning and installation should be distinguished.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-024", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#minbar-commission", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-minbar-survives", "slug": "minbar-survives", "question": "Does the original Nur al-Din minbar survive intact?", "answer": { "text": "No. It was largely destroyed in the 1969 fire. The Islamic Museum catalogs surviving pieces that preserve woodwork, decoration and inscriptions from the original.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-024", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#minbar-survives", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-minbar-material", "slug": "minbar-material", "question": "What materials are recorded for the original minbar?", "answer": { "text": "The museum describes interlocking pine with inlay including mother-of-pearl and ivory. Its surviving fragments also preserve geometric and vegetal patterns and inscriptions.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-024", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#minbar-material", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-minbar-dating-evidence", "slug": "minbar-dating-evidence", "question": "How is the original minbar dated?", "answer": { "text": "The museum record uses inscriptions on the object and historical sources. It separately records manufacture, movement to Al-Quds and transfer of fragments into the museum after the fire.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-024", "category": "history", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/history#minbar-dating-evidence", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-why-important-muslims", "slug": "why-important-muslims", "question": "Why is Al-Aqsa important to Muslims?", "answer": { "text": "Its significance is rooted in the Night Journey, the earlier prayer direction toward Al-Quds, and the hadith naming it among three specially significant mosques. These religious connections precede the dates of the surviving monumental buildings.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-three" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-025", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#why-important-muslims", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-three-mosques", "slug": "three-mosques", "question": "Which three mosques are named in the travel hadith?", "answer": { "text": "Sahih al-Bukhari 1189 names al-Masjid al-Haram, the Prophet’s Mosque and Al-Aqsa. The report is a direct source for explaining Al-Aqsa’s special religious standing.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-three" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-025", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#three-mosques", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-blessed-surroundings", "slug": "blessed-surroundings", "question": "Which Qur’anic verse describes Al-Aqsa’s surroundings as blessed?", "answer": { "text": "Qur’an 17:1 includes that description in its account of the Night Journey. The verse names al-Masjid al-Aqsa without describing the later Dome of the Rock building.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-025", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#blessed-surroundings", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-prayer-reward-number", "slug": "prayer-reward-number", "question": "Do the cited three-mosque and Night Journey texts give an exact prayer-reward multiplier?", "answer": { "text": "The passages cited here, Qur’an 17:1 and Bukhari 1189, do not supply one. An exact multiplier would need its own specific hadith reference and scholarly assessment; it should not be inferred from these texts.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-three" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-025", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#prayer-reward-number", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-first-qibla", "slug": "first-qibla", "question": "What was the first qibla?", "answer": { "text": "In the tradition recorded in Bukhari 399, the Prophet prayed toward Bayt al-Maqdis before the change toward the Kaaba. “First qibla” is the familiar description of this connection with Al-Quds.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-026", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#first-qibla", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibla-today", "slug": "qibla-today", "question": "Do Muslims face Al-Aqsa in prayer today?", "answer": { "text": "Muslim prayer is directed toward the Kaaba in Mecca. Qur’an 2:144 and Bukhari 399 are the sources used here for the change from the earlier direction toward Al-Quds.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-026", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/qibla-today", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-sixteen-seventeen", "slug": "sixteen-seventeen", "question": "Was the period sixteen or seventeen months?", "answer": { "text": "Bukhari 399 preserves “sixteen or seventeen months”; Bukhari 40 places that period after the Prophet’s arrival in Medina. The custodial guide summarizes it as sixteen. The alternative wording is retained here rather than claiming an exact uncontested duration.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "bukhari-medina" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 3" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-026", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#sixteen-seventeen", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-qibla-building-name", "slug": "qibla-building-name", "question": "Is qibla the name of a mosque?", "answer": { "text": "Qibla means the direction of prayer. Al-Qibli is the name used for the southern prayer hall on the qibla side of the sanctuary; the directional term and building name are related but different.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-qibla" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 6, 8–11" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-026", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#qibla-building-name", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-isra-miraj-difference", "slug": "isra-miraj-difference", "question": "What is the difference between Isra and Miʿraj?", "answer": { "text": "Isra is the Night Journey; Miʿraj is the Ascension. Qur’an 17:1 gives the night journey’s destination, while hadith accounts such as Muslim 162a provide a fuller narrative of Al-Quds and the ascent.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "muslim-journey" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-027", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#isra-miraj-difference", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-buraq-source", "slug": "buraq-source", "question": "Which cited source describes al-Buraq?", "answer": { "text": "Sahih Muslim 162a recounts the journey on al-Buraq to Bayt al-Maqdis, tethering the animal and prayer before the ascent. These details should be attributed to that report, not all presented as explicit wording of Qur’an 17:1.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "muslim-journey" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-027", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#buraq-source", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-exact-rock-ascension", "slug": "exact-rock-ascension", "question": "Is the precise rock location established by the cited verse?", "answer": { "text": "Qur’an 17:1 does not identify a rock. The custodial guide explains the Ascension association while noting the limits of a specific prophetic report identifying that exact spot.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-027", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/exact-rock-ascension", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-commemorative-domes", "slug": "commemorative-domes", "question": "Were the commemorative domes built during the Prophet’s lifetime?", "answer": { "text": "The architectural phases discussed here are later: the Dome of the Rock is Umayyad, while the Ascension and Prophet domes have recorded Ayyubid and Ottoman interventions. Their names commemorate traditions rather than date the events.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24–25" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-027", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-007", "aqsa-008" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#commemorative-domes", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-forty-year-report", "slug": "forty-year-report", "question": "What does the forty-year report say?", "answer": { "text": "Bukhari 3366 names al-Masjid al-Haram first and Al-Aqsa next, with forty years between them. The passage concerns sacred origins and does not give a construction date for the present southern hall or golden dome.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-028", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/forty-year-report", "presentation": "standalone" }, { "id": "qa-tradition-archaeology", "slug": "tradition-archaeology", "question": "Is a commemorative tradition the same as archaeological proof?", "answer": { "text": "No. It explains a religious association. Dating a structure or establishing a precise location requires its own evidence. The custodial guide itself qualifies several exact-location associations, including the rock and Zechariah’s niche.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 11–13" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-028", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#tradition-archaeology", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-single-founder", "slug": "single-founder", "question": "Why not give one founder for the whole sanctuary?", "answer": { "text": "The question can concern sacred origins, an early prayer space or a later building. The sources answer those differently. Defining the subject first avoids presenting one patron as the builder of everything in the compound.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-forty" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-028", "category": "significance", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/significance#single-founder", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-recognize-first", "slug": "recognize-first", "question": "Which features should I learn to recognize first?", "answer": { "text": "Begin with the southern prayer hall and the raised platform of the Dome of the Rock. Then identify the smaller structures and perimeter architecture in relation to them. This is an educational sequence, not a walking route.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5, 66–67" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-029", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-003" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#recognize-first", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-interiors-guaranteed", "slug": "interiors-guaranteed", "question": "Do the landmark pages guarantee entry to interiors?", "answer": { "text": "No. The pages explain architecture and history. The custodial guide is dated 2015, so its descriptions do not establish current access to buildings, rooms or gates.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "Publication date; pp. 46–53" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-029", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-003" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#interiors-guaranteed", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-accessible-route", "slug": "accessible-route", "question": "Does Explore provide a verified step-free route?", "answer": { "text": "No. Its schematic has no surveyed path or accessibility network. The sanctuary includes multiple levels, so a pin’s position cannot establish steps, gradients or usable entrances.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 4–5" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-029", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-003" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#accessible-route", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-what-look-arcade", "slug": "what-look-arcade", "question": "What should I look for in an arcade photograph?", "answer": { "text": "Identify the supports, arches, covered passage and space beyond. These are visible observations; the photograph alone does not establish every bay’s historical date or original function.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "commons-portico" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-029", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-003" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#what-look-arcade", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-museum-founded", "slug": "museum-founded", "question": "When was the Islamic Museum established?", "answer": { "text": "The museum profile records establishment in 1923 and relocation to the southwestern part of the sanctuary in 1929. Those institutional dates are separate from the ages of its buildings and objects.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-030", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-005" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#museum-founded", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-museum-holdings", "slug": "museum-holdings", "question": "What kinds of material does the Islamic Museum preserve?", "answer": { "text": "Its profile describes manuscripts and objects including metalwork and architectural material. Individual catalog records document tiles, the original minbar fragments and a copper panel from Ashrafiyya.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-030", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-005" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#museum-holdings", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-tile-transfer", "slug": "tile-transfer", "question": "When did the cataloged 1817 tile enter the museum?", "answer": { "text": "The record says it was transferred from the Dome of the Rock during restoration in 1966. The manufacture date and the collection transfer date describe different events.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-030", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-005" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#tile-transfer", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-manuscripts-related", "slug": "manuscripts-related", "question": "How do manuscripts connect with the sanctuary’s history?", "answer": { "text": "The museum’s Qur’anic manuscripts are part of the site’s written and material heritage. Together with the surrounding educational institutions, they connect the architecture to traditions of study and preservation.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-learning" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-030", "category": "visiting", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002", "aqsa-005" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/visiting#manuscripts-related", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-source-checked-meaning", "slug": "source-checked-meaning", "question": "What does “source checked” mean in Learn?", "answer": { "text": "It means the introduction was compared with the cited material. It does not claim independent archaeological verification or specialist peer review. The references and their qualifications remain available for readers to examine.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli", "locator": "Bibliography" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-031", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#source-checked-meaning", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-different-dates", "slug": "different-dates", "question": "What should I do when two references give different dates?", "answer": { "text": "Check whether they date the same event and component. If they still conflict, retain both attributions rather than averaging them. Ghawanima’s conflicting guide and reference dates are explicitly flagged for this reason.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ghawanima" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 30" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-031", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#different-dates", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-museum-date-types", "slug": "museum-date-types", "question": "Is a museum acquisition date the object’s age?", "answer": { "text": "No. Acquisition or transfer records when an object entered a collection. The Ashrafiyya copper panel was transferred in 1928 but belongs to a much earlier architectural commission.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-031", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#museum-date-types", "presentation": "collection-anchor" }, { "id": "qa-unesco-all-facts", "slug": "unesco-all-facts", "question": "Does a UNESCO listing verify every fact about every monument?", "answer": { "text": "No. UNESCO’s Old City listing supplies heritage context. Specific construction dates, materials and religious claims need sources suited to those subjects, such as object records, architectural studies or the religious text itself.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "unesco-old-city" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" }, { "sourceId": "quran-isra" } ] }, "topicId": "kb-031", "category": "basics", "entityIds": [ "aqsa-011", "aqsa-012" ], "canonicalPath": "/learn/questions/basics#unesco-all-facts", "presentation": "collection-anchor" } ], "timeline": [ { "id": "ev-001", "dateLabel": "c. 638", "startYear": 638, "precision": "circa", "title": "An early southern place of prayer", "description": { "text": "The custodial guide associates Umar with a simple prayer building on the southern side, preceding the monumental Umayyad mosque. This is an attributed early historical account, not a date for the present hall.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-017" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-002", "dateLabel": "691–692", "startYear": 691, "endYear": 692, "precision": "range", "title": "Completion of the Dome of the Rock", "description": { "text": "The monument commissioned by Abd al-Malik is completed. Later decoration and repairs form separate layers of its history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-006", "kb-018" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ] }, { "id": "ev-003", "dateLabel": "Early 8th century", "startYear": 706, "endYear": 714, "precision": "range", "title": "Al-Walid’s southern mosque campaign", "description": { "text": "The custodial guide gives 706–714; Archnet describes a major phase under al-Walid after an earlier beginning under Abd al-Malik. The sources differ in their dating of the campaign.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 8" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-005", "kb-018" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-004", "dateLabel": "During 775–785", "startYear": 775, "endYear": 785, "precision": "range", "title": "Rebuilding under al-Mahdi", "description": { "text": "Archnet associates Abbasid reconstruction with al-Mahdi’s reign. The range identifies the reign associated with the work, not its exact duration.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-019" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-005", "dateLabel": "11th century", "startYear": 1000, "endYear": 1099, "precision": "range", "title": "Fatimid reconstruction", "description": { "text": "A further major rebuilding phase of the southern mosque is recorded in the Fatimid period. A precise completion year is not asserted here.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-019" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-006", "dateLabel": "1099 onward", "startYear": 1099, "precision": "year", "title": "Crusader changes of use", "description": { "text": "The two major buildings acquire different uses: the southern mosque as a palace and later Templar residence, the Dome of the Rock as a church.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 14" }, { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-020" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-007", "dateLabel": "1169–1174", "startYear": 1169, "endYear": 1174, "precision": "range", "title": "Making Nur al-Din’s minbar", "description": { "text": "The celebrated pulpit is made in Aleppo. Its manufacture precedes its later transfer to Al-Quds.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-024" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-008", "dateLabel": "1187", "startYear": 1187, "precision": "year", "title": "Saladin and the return to Muslim use", "description": { "text": "Following the capture of Al-Quds, the sanctuary’s major buildings return to Muslim use. Nur al-Din’s minbar is brought from Aleppo.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-ayyubid" }, { "sourceId": "met-rock" }, { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-020", "kb-024" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001", "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-009", "dateLabel": "c. 1200–1201", "startYear": 1200, "endYear": 1201, "precision": "circa", "title": "An Ayyubid phase at the Ascension Dome", "description": { "text": "A dedication or renovation is recorded. The original construction date remains uncertain.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-ascension" }, { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 25" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-008" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-007" ] }, { "id": "ev-010", "dateLabel": "1336", "startYear": 1336, "precision": "year", "title": "Rebuilding the Cotton Merchants’ Market", "description": { "text": "The Ministry of Tourism associates the market’s rebuilding with Emir Tankiz. This date is attached to the market complex, not automatically to every adjacent gateway element.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-021" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-009" ] }, { "id": "ev-011", "dateLabel": "1482", "startYear": 1482, "precision": "year", "title": "Qaytbay’s Ashrafiyya madrasa", "description": { "text": "The museum record dates the rebuilding through an inscription, endowment document and historical sources.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-014", "kb-021" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005", "aqsa-010" ] }, { "id": "ev-012", "dateLabel": "1482", "startYear": 1482, "precision": "year", "title": "Renewal of Qaytbay’s sabil", "description": { "text": "Qaytbay renews the fountain associated with an earlier foundation by Inal, beside the educational complex.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-011", "kb-021" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005" ] }, { "id": "ev-013", "dateLabel": "During 1520–1566", "startYear": 1520, "endYear": 1566, "precision": "range", "title": "Süleyman’s tile campaign", "description": { "text": "The Dome of the Rock’s exterior tile revetment is associated with Süleyman’s reign. This range is the reign, not a claim that work continued throughout all of it.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-022", "kb-015" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ] }, { "id": "ev-014", "dateLabel": "1817", "startYear": 1817, "precision": "year", "title": "A dated tile and a named maker", "description": { "text": "A ceramic tile from restoration at the Dome of the Rock records Mustafa Ali Effendi. It later becomes part of the Islamic Museum collection.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-015", "kb-022" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ] }, { "id": "ev-015", "dateLabel": "1882–1883", "startYear": 1882, "endYear": 1883, "precision": "range", "title": "Ottoman repair of Qaytbay’s sabil", "description": { "text": "The museum record identifies a later Ottoman renovation of the Mamluk water building.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-011", "kb-022" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-005" ] }, { "id": "ev-016", "dateLabel": "1923", "startYear": 1923, "precision": "year", "title": "Establishment of the Islamic Museum", "description": { "text": "The museum profile records the institution’s foundation, before its move to the southwestern sanctuary.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-030" ], "entityIds": [] }, { "id": "ev-017", "dateLabel": "1927", "startYear": 1927, "precision": "year", "title": "Earthquake damage at Ashrafiyya", "description": { "text": "The upper storey suffers extensive damage, as described in the museum’s architectural record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-014" ], "entityIds": [] }, { "id": "ev-018", "dateLabel": "1928", "startYear": 1928, "precision": "year", "title": "Ashrafiyya’s copper panel enters the museum", "description": { "text": "The transfer date records the movement of the object, not its manufacture.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-panel" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-014", "kb-030" ], "entityIds": [] }, { "id": "ev-019", "dateLabel": "1929", "startYear": 1929, "precision": "year", "title": "The museum moves to the southwestern sanctuary", "description": { "text": "The museum profile dates its relocation to the setting associated with its collection today.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-museum" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-030" ], "entityIds": [] }, { "id": "ev-020", "dateLabel": "1966", "startYear": 1966, "precision": "year", "title": "The 1817 tile enters the museum", "description": { "text": "The tile is transferred from the Dome of the Rock during restoration, preserving its building association in a collection record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-023", "kb-030" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-001" ] }, { "id": "ev-021", "dateLabel": "1969", "startYear": 1969, "precision": "year", "title": "Fire and the loss of the original minbar", "description": { "text": "The original wooden pulpit is largely destroyed. Surviving fragments subsequently enter the Islamic Museum.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-024", "kb-023" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-022", "dateLabel": "1983", "startYear": 1983, "precision": "year", "title": "Recorded restoration completion", "description": { "text": "The Aga Khan project page lists 1983 as completion of the documented restoration project.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-023" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-023", "dateLabel": "1986 award cycle", "startYear": 1986, "precision": "year", "title": "Recognition for conservation", "description": { "text": "Al-Aqsa’s restoration is recognized in the 1984–1986 Aga Khan Award for Architecture cycle. Recognition and completion are separate events.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-023" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-002" ] }, { "id": "ev-024", "dateLabel": "2012", "startYear": 2012, "precision": "year", "title": "Restoration of the Dome of the Chain", "description": { "text": "The custodial guide records work by the Islamic Waqf and TIKA, including renewed tile decoration.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 24" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-007", "kb-023" ], "entityIds": [ "aqsa-004" ] } ], "glossary": [ { "id": "abbasid", "term": "Abbasid", "arabic": "عباسي", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "A dynastic period associated with rebuilding of the southern mosque, including work under al-Mahdi.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-019" ] }, { "id": "buraq", "term": "Al-Buraq", "arabic": "البراق", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "The mount described in the Night Journey report in Sahih Muslim 162a.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "muslim-journey", "locator": "162a" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-027" ] }, { "id": "haram", "term": "Al-Haram al-Sharif", "arabic": "الحرم الشريف", "aliases": [ "Noble Sanctuary" ], "definition": { "text": "A widely used name for the precinct, commonly translated as the Noble Sanctuary. The custodial guide qualifies its theological equivalence with the harams of Mecca and Medina.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "p. 4" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-002" ] }, { "id": "kas", "term": "Al-Kas", "arabic": "الكأس", "aliases": [ "Al Kaas" ], "definition": { "text": "The cup or bowl; the name of the round ablution fountain before Al-Qibli Mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-kas" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-011" ] }, { "id": "al-aqsa", "term": "Al-Masjid al-Aqsa", "arabic": "المسجد الأقصى", "aliases": [ "Al Aqsa", "Al-Aqsa Mosque" ], "definition": { "text": "Name associated with the whole sanctuary and also used in architectural literature for the southern congregational mosque. Context determines the intended scope.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-001", "kb-002" ] }, { "id": "qibli", "term": "Al-Qibli", "arabic": "القبلي", "aliases": [ "Qibly", "Qibli Mosque" ], "definition": { "text": "The name used for the southern congregational prayer hall, distinguishing that building from the whole enclosure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 8–11" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-005", "kb-004" ] }, { "id": "al-quds", "term": "Al-Quds", "arabic": "القدس", "aliases": [ "Jerusalem", "Al-Quds al-Sharif" ], "definition": { "text": "The Arabic name of the city known in English as Jerusalem. This site uses Al-Quds as its primary city name. The longer form Al-Quds al-Sharif also appears in Islamic institutional usage. The name identifies the city, while Al-Aqsa identifies the sanctuary within its Old City.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "oic-al-quds-naming" }, { "sourceId": "oic-al-quds-affairs" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-001", "kb-002" ] }, { "id": "silsila", "term": "Al-Silsila", "arabic": "السلسلة", "aliases": [ "Chain" ], "definition": { "text": "“The Chain,” found in the names of both a dome and a western gateway. The shared name does not identify one structure.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 24, 48–51" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-007", "kb-009" ] }, { "id": "ayyubid", "term": "Ayyubid", "arabic": "أيوبي", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "The dynasty associated with Saladin and subsequent rulers; its period includes renewed Muslim use of the sanctuary after 1187.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-ayyubid" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-020" ] }, { "id": "bab", "term": "Bab", "arabic": "باب", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "Gate; a common first word in the names of the sanctuary’s perimeter entrances.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 46–53" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-009" ] }, { "id": "qattanin", "term": "Bab al-Qattanin", "arabic": "باب القطانين", "aliases": [ "Cotton Gate" ], "definition": { "text": "The Cotton Merchants’ Gate, linking the western sanctuary to the covered market.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "tourism-qattanin" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-009", "kb-021" ] }, { "id": "bayt-maqdis", "term": "Bayt al-Maqdis", "arabic": "بيت المقدس", "aliases": [ "Baitul Maqdis" ], "definition": { "text": "A name used for Al-Quds in the cited hadith concerning prayer direction and the Night Journey.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "bukhari-qibla", "locator": "399" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-026", "kb-027" ] }, { "id": "fatimid", "term": "Fatimid", "arabic": "فاطمي", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "The dynasty associated with an eleventh-century reconstruction of Al-Qibli in the architectural account.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "archnet-qibli" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-019" ] }, { "id": "isra", "term": "Isra", "arabic": "الإسراء", "aliases": [ "Night Journey" ], "definition": { "text": "The Night Journey, associated with the movement from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Qur’an 17:1.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-isra", "locator": "17:1" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-027" ] }, { "id": "iwan", "term": "Iwan", "arabic": "إيوان", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "A hall open on one side. The Ashrafiyya record describes four iwans arranged around a central court.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "Upper-storey plan" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-014" ] }, { "id": "madrasa", "term": "Madrasa", "arabic": "مدرسة", "aliases": [ "Madrasah" ], "definition": { "text": "An educational institution; historic complexes may include teaching, residential and prayer spaces.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-013" ] }, { "id": "mamluk", "term": "Mamluk", "arabic": "مملوكي", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "A period of major patronage of educational and religious institutions, represented around Al-Aqsa by Ashrafiyya and Qaytbay’s sabil.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-mamluks" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-021" ] }, { "id": "mastaba", "term": "Mastaba", "arabic": "مصطبة", "aliases": [ "Mastabah" ], "definition": { "text": "A raised platform; the sanctuary’s open platforms are described in connection with prayer and teaching.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 64–65" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-012" ] }, { "id": "mihrab", "term": "Mihrab", "arabic": "محراب", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "A prayer niche associated with the qibla direction, distinct from the pulpit or minbar.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 10–11" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-016" ] }, { "id": "minaret", "term": "Minaret", "arabic": "مئذنة", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "A tower associated with the mosque; the sanctuary’s four minarets have different profiles and building histories.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 30–31" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-010" ] }, { "id": "minbar", "term": "Minbar", "arabic": "منبر", "aliases": [ "Pulpit" ], "definition": { "text": "A pulpit from which the sermon is delivered. Nur al-Din’s minbar is known through its surviving fragments and records.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-minbar" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-024", "kb-016" ] }, { "id": "miraj", "term": "Miʿraj", "arabic": "المعراج", "aliases": [ "Miraj", "Ascension" ], "definition": { "text": "The Ascension, described in hadith accounts associated with the Night Journey. It is distinct from the architectural date of a commemorative dome.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "muslim-journey", "locator": "162a" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-027" ] }, { "id": "ottoman", "term": "Ottoman", "arabic": "عثماني", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "The imperial period associated here with later tile campaigns, commemorative structures and repairs to inherited monuments.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-suleyman" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-022" ] }, { "id": "provenance", "term": "Provenance", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "The documented history connecting an object with its origin, use and later collection. A museum transfer date is different from its manufacture date.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-tile", "locator": "Acquisition and provenance" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-030", "kb-031" ] }, { "id": "qibla", "term": "Qibla", "arabic": "قبلة", "aliases": [ "Qiblah" ], "definition": { "text": "The direction faced in prayer. The change toward al-Masjid al-Haram is addressed in Qur’an 2:144.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "quran-qibla", "locator": "2:144" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-026" ] }, { "id": "qubba", "term": "Qubba", "arabic": "قبة", "aliases": [ "Qubbat" ], "definition": { "text": "Dome; the word appears in names such as Qubbat al-Sakhra and Qubbat al-Silsila.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13, 24" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-006", "kb-007" ] }, { "id": "sakhra", "term": "Qubbat al-Sakhra", "arabic": "قبة الصخرة", "aliases": [ "Dome of the Rock" ], "definition": { "text": "The Arabic name of the Dome of the Rock, the octagonal monument on the raised platform.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 12–13" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-006" ] }, { "id": "restoration", "term": "Restoration", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "Work addressing the condition or appearance of a historic structure or surface. The Al-Qibli project record distinguishes surviving paint from reconstructed areas.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "akdn-restoration" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-023" ] }, { "id": "riwaq", "term": "Riwaq", "arabic": "رواق", "aliases": [ "Portico", "Arcade" ], "definition": { "text": "A portico or covered arcade, such as the passage along the western side of the sanctuary.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "passia-guide", "locator": "pp. 44–45" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-012" ] }, { "id": "sabil", "term": "Sabil", "arabic": "سبيل", "aliases": [ "Sebil" ], "definition": { "text": "A water-provision structure. Qaytbay’s sabil is a decorated example near Ashrafiyya.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-qaytbay" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-011" ] }, { "id": "umayyad", "term": "Umayyad", "arabic": "أموي", "aliases": [], "definition": { "text": "The dynasty dated 661–750 by the Metropolitan Museum; its patronage shaped the Dome of the Rock and the early southern mosque.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "met-umayyad" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-018" ] }, { "id": "waqf", "term": "Waqf", "arabic": "وقف", "aliases": [ "Awqaf" ], "definition": { "text": "A religious endowment connected with continuing institutional purposes. Waqf documents can also provide evidence for a building’s history.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "mwnf-ashrafiyya", "locator": "Dating and bibliography" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-013", "kb-014" ] }, { "id": "wudu", "term": "Wudu", "arabic": "وضوء", "aliases": [ "Ablution" ], "definition": { "text": "Ritual washing associated with preparation for prayer; the function connected with Al-Kas in the architectural record.", "citations": [ { "sourceId": "madain-kas" } ] }, "topicIds": [ "kb-011", "kb-016" ] } ] }